The role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training

The accumulation of cognitive reserves (CR) and engaging in working memory (WM) training were found to help individuals maintain vitality even in old age. However, little is known about individual differences in the effectiveness of WM training. CR was utilized to account for the individual differen...

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Main Author: Tan, Suan Fong
Other Authors: Chen Shen-Hsing Annabel
Format: Final Year Project
Language:English
Published: 2016
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Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10356/66945
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
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spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-669452019-12-10T11:03:22Z The role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training Tan, Suan Fong Chen Shen-Hsing Annabel School of Humanities and Social Sciences Belle Yee Ying Yick DRNTU::Humanities The accumulation of cognitive reserves (CR) and engaging in working memory (WM) training were found to help individuals maintain vitality even in old age. However, little is known about individual differences in the effectiveness of WM training. CR was utilized to account for the individual differences and was assessed through the proxies of: education, working activity and leisure time. Participants were trained in an adaptive n-back training and training effect was found on the trained task for both young and older participants. Transfer effect was also found in identifying similar items on behavioral pattern separation task (BPSO) and digit-symbol substitution among the young participants while transfer effect was on BPSO, Ravens advanced test and on a serial WM task among the older participants. Significant positive relationship was found between working activity and net effect of WM task and between education and improvement in average level of n-back among the older adults. These results suggest that the accumulation of experience on working activity and education has an association with the effectiveness of training. Thus, reconfirming the notion that cognitive decline with aging is not entirely inevitable, but can be managed with active participation in mentally stimulating activities. This encourages future design of working memory training to take into account individual differences to promote maximum effectiveness of training. Bachelor of Arts 2016-05-06T02:06:27Z 2016-05-06T02:06:27Z 2016 Final Year Project (FYP) http://hdl.handle.net/10356/66945 en Nanyang Technological University 53 p. application/pdf
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
country Singapore
collection DR-NTU
language English
topic DRNTU::Humanities
spellingShingle DRNTU::Humanities
Tan, Suan Fong
The role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training
description The accumulation of cognitive reserves (CR) and engaging in working memory (WM) training were found to help individuals maintain vitality even in old age. However, little is known about individual differences in the effectiveness of WM training. CR was utilized to account for the individual differences and was assessed through the proxies of: education, working activity and leisure time. Participants were trained in an adaptive n-back training and training effect was found on the trained task for both young and older participants. Transfer effect was also found in identifying similar items on behavioral pattern separation task (BPSO) and digit-symbol substitution among the young participants while transfer effect was on BPSO, Ravens advanced test and on a serial WM task among the older participants. Significant positive relationship was found between working activity and net effect of WM task and between education and improvement in average level of n-back among the older adults. These results suggest that the accumulation of experience on working activity and education has an association with the effectiveness of training. Thus, reconfirming the notion that cognitive decline with aging is not entirely inevitable, but can be managed with active participation in mentally stimulating activities. This encourages future design of working memory training to take into account individual differences to promote maximum effectiveness of training.
author2 Chen Shen-Hsing Annabel
author_facet Chen Shen-Hsing Annabel
Tan, Suan Fong
format Final Year Project
author Tan, Suan Fong
author_sort Tan, Suan Fong
title The role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training
title_short The role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training
title_full The role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training
title_fullStr The role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training
title_full_unstemmed The role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training
title_sort role of cognitive reserves on the effectiveness of working memory training
publishDate 2016
url http://hdl.handle.net/10356/66945
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