Effect of hyperosmotic stress on reverse osmosis biofouling
Biofouling is an inevitable process in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), which adversely affects the membrane performance. Cleaning-in-place (CIP) method is commonly conducted to combat this issue. However, this may result in process downtime, membrane degradation, increased operation costs, and envi...
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| Format: | Final Year Project |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2017
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10356/71444 |
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| Institution: | Nanyang Technological University |
| Language: | English |