Large area perovskite solar cells

• Main Author: Chen, Ho Tung
• Other Authors: Nripan Mathews
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: English
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: DRNTU::Engineering::Materials
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/77261
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

Screen printing technology is a cost-effective method capable of mass production. Screen printable carbon-based perovskite solar cell has been reported and proven to be scalable with reasonable efficiency around 12%. However, the hindrance to this scale up process is the current laboratory fabrication process which is impractical for scaling up to large area. It is because many tedious processes are involved, and high energy requirement is a challenge for the large-scale production of Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC). To transit laboratory process towards manufacturing process is a challenge. In this project, surface modification and co-annealing processes are examined to reduce fabrication time and energy. Both methods eliminate some of the tedious steps in laboratory process and transit to practical manufacturing process. It can be applied to scale up devices easily. Surface modification is applied on the carbon-based PSC by a layer of coating. This coating changes the surface energy on the substrate and restraint the perovskite solution within the scaffold during manual-infiltration. Contact angle measurement machine is utilised to perform analysis such as surface free energy, contact angle and surface tension. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is also utilised to observe the distribution of nanoparticles on the surface. Optimisation of this method eliminates the taping step in laboratory process which is used in restraining perovskite solution within mesoporous scaffold. Surface Modified solar device has efficiency 10.32% which is higher than control device. Consistency of the efficiency is also comparable with the control device. For co-annealing process, it reduces manufacturing time and energy consumption in perovskite device fabrication by annealing two layers of different compound concurrently and reduce the annealing temperature. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) degradation analysis is performed in every week to compare the ratio between Lead Iodide (PbI2) and Methylammonium Lead Iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) peaks. Meso Titanium Oxide (TiO2) layer and Zirconium Oxide layer (ZrO2) co-annealing device undergoes 500 degrees annealing temperature concurrently for both layers. It is selected to compare with the control device as they have comparable efficiency and consistency. XRD, Current and Voltage Characteristic (I-V curve) have shown that they have similar degradation trend. It becomes an effective process to cut down time and money for fabrication. These two methods are novel. Further testing and analysis are required to investigate effect of these methods.