Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification

Volcanoes can produce far-reaching hazards that extend distances of tens or hundreds of kilometres in large eruptions, or in certain conditions for smaller eruptions. About a tenth of the world’s population lives within the potential footprint of volcanic hazards and lives are regularly lost through...

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Main Authors: Brown, Sarah K., Jenkins, Susanna F., Sparks, R. Stephen J., Odbert, Henry, Auker, Melanie R.
Other Authors: Earth Observatory of Singapore
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2018
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Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/87964
http://hdl.handle.net/10220/45579
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
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spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-879642020-09-26T21:27:13Z Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification Brown, Sarah K. Jenkins, Susanna F. Sparks, R. Stephen J. Odbert, Henry Auker, Melanie R. Earth Observatory of Singapore Volcanic Hazards Fatalities Volcanoes can produce far-reaching hazards that extend distances of tens or hundreds of kilometres in large eruptions, or in certain conditions for smaller eruptions. About a tenth of the world’s population lives within the potential footprint of volcanic hazards and lives are regularly lost through volcanic activity: volcanic fatalities were recorded in 18 of the last 20 years. This paper identifies the distance and distribution of fatalities around volcanoes and the activities of the victims at the time of impact, sourced from an extensive search of academic and grey literature, including media and official reports. We update and expand a volcano fatality database to include all data from 1500 AD to 2017. This database contains 635 records of 278,368 fatalities. Each record contains information on the number of fatalities, fatal cause, incident date and the fatality location in terms of distance from the volcano. Distance data were previously available in just 5% of fatal incidents: these data have been significantly increased to 72% (456/635) of fatal incidents, with fatalities recorded from inside the crater to more than 100 km from the summit. Local residents are the most frequently killed, but tourists, volcanologists and members of the media are also identified as common victims. These latter groups and residents of small islands dominate the proximal fatality record up to 5 km from the volcano. Though normally accounting for small numbers of fatalities, ballistics are the most common cause of fatal incidents at this distance. Pyroclastic density currents are the dominant fatal cause at 5 to 15 km. Lahars, tsunami and tephra dominate the record after about 15 km. The new location data are used to characterise volcanic threat with distance, as a function of eruption size and hazard type, and to understand how certain activities increase exposure and the likelihood of death. These findings support assessment of volcanic threat, population exposure and vulnerabilities related to occupation or activity. Published version 2018-08-17T02:22:08Z 2019-12-06T16:53:05Z 2018-08-17T02:22:08Z 2019-12-06T16:53:05Z 2017 Journal Article Brown, S. K., Jenkins, S. F., Sparks, R. S. J., Odbert, H., & Auker, M. R. (2017). Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification. Journal of Applied Volcanology, 6, 15-. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/87964 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/45579 10.1186/s13617-017-0067-4 en Journal of Applied Volcanology © 2017 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. 20 p. application/pdf
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
country Singapore
collection DR-NTU
language English
topic Volcanic Hazards
Fatalities
spellingShingle Volcanic Hazards
Fatalities
Brown, Sarah K.
Jenkins, Susanna F.
Sparks, R. Stephen J.
Odbert, Henry
Auker, Melanie R.
Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification
description Volcanoes can produce far-reaching hazards that extend distances of tens or hundreds of kilometres in large eruptions, or in certain conditions for smaller eruptions. About a tenth of the world’s population lives within the potential footprint of volcanic hazards and lives are regularly lost through volcanic activity: volcanic fatalities were recorded in 18 of the last 20 years. This paper identifies the distance and distribution of fatalities around volcanoes and the activities of the victims at the time of impact, sourced from an extensive search of academic and grey literature, including media and official reports. We update and expand a volcano fatality database to include all data from 1500 AD to 2017. This database contains 635 records of 278,368 fatalities. Each record contains information on the number of fatalities, fatal cause, incident date and the fatality location in terms of distance from the volcano. Distance data were previously available in just 5% of fatal incidents: these data have been significantly increased to 72% (456/635) of fatal incidents, with fatalities recorded from inside the crater to more than 100 km from the summit. Local residents are the most frequently killed, but tourists, volcanologists and members of the media are also identified as common victims. These latter groups and residents of small islands dominate the proximal fatality record up to 5 km from the volcano. Though normally accounting for small numbers of fatalities, ballistics are the most common cause of fatal incidents at this distance. Pyroclastic density currents are the dominant fatal cause at 5 to 15 km. Lahars, tsunami and tephra dominate the record after about 15 km. The new location data are used to characterise volcanic threat with distance, as a function of eruption size and hazard type, and to understand how certain activities increase exposure and the likelihood of death. These findings support assessment of volcanic threat, population exposure and vulnerabilities related to occupation or activity.
author2 Earth Observatory of Singapore
author_facet Earth Observatory of Singapore
Brown, Sarah K.
Jenkins, Susanna F.
Sparks, R. Stephen J.
Odbert, Henry
Auker, Melanie R.
format Article
author Brown, Sarah K.
Jenkins, Susanna F.
Sparks, R. Stephen J.
Odbert, Henry
Auker, Melanie R.
author_sort Brown, Sarah K.
title Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification
title_short Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification
title_full Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification
title_fullStr Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification
title_full_unstemmed Volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification
title_sort volcanic fatalities database : analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification
publishDate 2018
url https://hdl.handle.net/10356/87964
http://hdl.handle.net/10220/45579
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