Modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management

Decentralized eco-sanitation system is a promising and sustainable mode comparing to the century-old centralized conventional sanitation system. The decentralized concept relies on an environmentally and economically sound management of water, nutrient and energy fluxes. Source-separation systems...

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Main Authors: Chang, Victor Wei-Chung, Stegmann, Rainer, Wang, Jing-Yuan, Ng, Bernard Jia Han, Giannis, Apostolos
Other Authors: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2013
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/96648
http://hdl.handle.net/10220/10691
http://www.waset.org/journals/ijeas/v6.php
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
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spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-966482020-09-26T21:58:40Z Modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management Chang, Victor Wei-Chung Stegmann, Rainer Wang, Jing-Yuan Ng, Bernard Jia Han Giannis, Apostolos School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Decentralized eco-sanitation system is a promising and sustainable mode comparing to the century-old centralized conventional sanitation system. The decentralized concept relies on an environmentally and economically sound management of water, nutrient and energy fluxes. Source-separation systems for urban waste management collect different solid waste and wastewater streams separately to facilitate the recovery of valuable resources from wastewater (energy, nutrients). A resource recovery centre constituted for 20,000 people will act as the functional unit for the treatment of urban waste of a high-density population community, like Singapore. The decentralized system includes urine treatment, faeces and food waste co-digestion, and horticultural waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste treatment in composting plants. A design model is developed to estimate the input and output in terms of materials and energy. The inputs of urine (yellow water, YW) and faeces (brown water, BW) are calculated by considering the daily mean production of urine and faeces by humans and the water consumption of no-mix vacuum toilet (0.2 and 1 L flushing water for urine and faeces, respectively). The food waste (FW) production is estimated to be 150 g wet weight/person/day. The YW is collected and discharged by gravity into tank. It was found that two days are required for urine hydrolysis and struvite precipitation. The maximum nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) recovery are 150-266 kg/day and 20-70 kg/day, respectively. In contrast, BW and FW are mixed for co-digestion in a thermophilic acidification tank and later a decentralized/centralized methanogenic reactor is used for biogas production. It is determined that 6.16-15.67 m3/h methane is produced which is equivalent to 0.07-0.19 kWh/ca/day. The digestion residues are treated with horticultural waste and organic fraction of municipal waste in co-composting plants. Accepted version 2013-06-26T02:50:52Z 2019-12-06T19:33:25Z 2013-06-26T02:50:52Z 2019-12-06T19:33:25Z 2012 2012 Journal Article Ng, B. J. H., Giannis, A., Chang, V. W. C., Stegmann, R., & Wang, J.-Y. (2012). Modeling Decentralized Source-Separation Systems for Urban Waste Management. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6, 283-287. 2010-3980 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/96648 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/10691 http://www.waset.org/journals/ijeas/v6.php 171381 en International journal of engineering and applied sciences © 2012 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. This is the author created version of a work that has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by International journal of engineering and applied sciences, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. It incorporates referee’s comments but changes resulting from the publishing process, such as copyediting, structural formatting, may not be reflected in this document. The published version is available at official URL: [http://www.waset.org/journals/ijeas/v6.php application/pdf
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
country Singapore
collection DR-NTU
language English
description Decentralized eco-sanitation system is a promising and sustainable mode comparing to the century-old centralized conventional sanitation system. The decentralized concept relies on an environmentally and economically sound management of water, nutrient and energy fluxes. Source-separation systems for urban waste management collect different solid waste and wastewater streams separately to facilitate the recovery of valuable resources from wastewater (energy, nutrients). A resource recovery centre constituted for 20,000 people will act as the functional unit for the treatment of urban waste of a high-density population community, like Singapore. The decentralized system includes urine treatment, faeces and food waste co-digestion, and horticultural waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste treatment in composting plants. A design model is developed to estimate the input and output in terms of materials and energy. The inputs of urine (yellow water, YW) and faeces (brown water, BW) are calculated by considering the daily mean production of urine and faeces by humans and the water consumption of no-mix vacuum toilet (0.2 and 1 L flushing water for urine and faeces, respectively). The food waste (FW) production is estimated to be 150 g wet weight/person/day. The YW is collected and discharged by gravity into tank. It was found that two days are required for urine hydrolysis and struvite precipitation. The maximum nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) recovery are 150-266 kg/day and 20-70 kg/day, respectively. In contrast, BW and FW are mixed for co-digestion in a thermophilic acidification tank and later a decentralized/centralized methanogenic reactor is used for biogas production. It is determined that 6.16-15.67 m3/h methane is produced which is equivalent to 0.07-0.19 kWh/ca/day. The digestion residues are treated with horticultural waste and organic fraction of municipal waste in co-composting plants.
author2 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
author_facet School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Chang, Victor Wei-Chung
Stegmann, Rainer
Wang, Jing-Yuan
Ng, Bernard Jia Han
Giannis, Apostolos
format Article
author Chang, Victor Wei-Chung
Stegmann, Rainer
Wang, Jing-Yuan
Ng, Bernard Jia Han
Giannis, Apostolos
spellingShingle Chang, Victor Wei-Chung
Stegmann, Rainer
Wang, Jing-Yuan
Ng, Bernard Jia Han
Giannis, Apostolos
Modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management
author_sort Chang, Victor Wei-Chung
title Modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management
title_short Modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management
title_full Modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management
title_fullStr Modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management
title_full_unstemmed Modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management
title_sort modeling decentralized source-separation systems for urban waste management
publishDate 2013
url https://hdl.handle.net/10356/96648
http://hdl.handle.net/10220/10691
http://www.waset.org/journals/ijeas/v6.php
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