The Deterrent and Displacement Effects of Information Security Enforcement: International Evidence

• Main Authors: PNG, Ivan P. L., WANG, Chen-Yu, QIU-HONG WANG
• Format: text
• Language: English
• Published: Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University 2008
• Subjects: economics; information security; security attacks; security enforcement; unemployment rate; Computer Sciences; Information Security
• Online Access: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/3224
• Institution: Singapore Management University

We adapt the event study methodology from research in financial economics to study the impact of government enforcement and economic opportunities on information security attacks. We found limited evidence that domestic enforcement deters attacks within the country. However, we found compelling evidence of a displacement effect: U.S. enforcement substantially increases attacks originating from other countries. We also found strong evidence that attackers are economically motivated in that the number of attacks is increasing in the U.S. unemployment rate. Our findings were robust to differences in the effective time window of enforcement and the measurement of vulnerabilities.