Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects

Penicillium marneffei infection is an important emerging public health problem, especially among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the areas of endemicity in southeast Asia, India, and China. Within these regions, P. marneffei infection is regarded as an AIDS-defining illness, a...

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Main Authors: Vanittanakom N., Cooper CR., Fisher MC., Sirisanthana T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2014
Online Access:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3502482
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/handle/6653943832/3214
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Institution: Chiang Mai University
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spelling th-cmuir.6653943832-32142014-08-30T02:25:53Z Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects Vanittanakom N. Cooper CR. Fisher MC. Sirisanthana T. Penicillium marneffei infection is an important emerging public health problem, especially among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the areas of endemicity in southeast Asia, India, and China. Within these regions, P. marneffei infection is regarded as an AIDS-defining illness, and the severity of the disease depends on the immunological status of the infected individual. Early diagnosis by serologic and molecular assay-based methods have been developed and are proving to be important in diagnosing infection. The occurrence of natural reservoirs and the molecular epidemiology of P. marneffei have been studied; however, the natural history and mode of transmission of the organism remain unclear. Soil exposure, especially during the rainy season, has been suggested to be a critical risk factor. Using a highly discriminatory molecular technique, multilocus microsatellite typing, to characterize this fungus, several isolates from bamboo rats and humans were shown to share identical multilocus genotypes. These data suggest either that transmission of P. marneffei may occur from rodents to humans or that rodents and humans are coinfected from common environmental sources. These putative natural cycles of P. marneffei infection need further investigation. Studies on the fungal genetics of P. marneffei have been focused on the characterization of genetic determinants that may play important roles in asexual development, mycelial-to-yeast phase transition, and the expression of antigenic determinants. Molecular studies have identified several genes involved in germination, hyphal development, conidiogenesis, and yeast cell polarity. A number of functionally important genes, such as the malate synthase- and catalase-peroxidase protein-encoding genes, have been identified as being upregulated in the yeast phase. Future investigations pertaining to the roles of these genes in host-fungus interactions may provide the key knowledge to understanding the pathogenicity of P. marneffei. 2014-08-30T02:25:53Z 2014-08-30T02:25:53Z 2006 Journal Article 0893-8512 16418525 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3502482 http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/handle/6653943832/3214 eng
institution Chiang Mai University
building Chiang Mai University Library
country Thailand
collection CMU Intellectual Repository
language English
description Penicillium marneffei infection is an important emerging public health problem, especially among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the areas of endemicity in southeast Asia, India, and China. Within these regions, P. marneffei infection is regarded as an AIDS-defining illness, and the severity of the disease depends on the immunological status of the infected individual. Early diagnosis by serologic and molecular assay-based methods have been developed and are proving to be important in diagnosing infection. The occurrence of natural reservoirs and the molecular epidemiology of P. marneffei have been studied; however, the natural history and mode of transmission of the organism remain unclear. Soil exposure, especially during the rainy season, has been suggested to be a critical risk factor. Using a highly discriminatory molecular technique, multilocus microsatellite typing, to characterize this fungus, several isolates from bamboo rats and humans were shown to share identical multilocus genotypes. These data suggest either that transmission of P. marneffei may occur from rodents to humans or that rodents and humans are coinfected from common environmental sources. These putative natural cycles of P. marneffei infection need further investigation. Studies on the fungal genetics of P. marneffei have been focused on the characterization of genetic determinants that may play important roles in asexual development, mycelial-to-yeast phase transition, and the expression of antigenic determinants. Molecular studies have identified several genes involved in germination, hyphal development, conidiogenesis, and yeast cell polarity. A number of functionally important genes, such as the malate synthase- and catalase-peroxidase protein-encoding genes, have been identified as being upregulated in the yeast phase. Future investigations pertaining to the roles of these genes in host-fungus interactions may provide the key knowledge to understanding the pathogenicity of P. marneffei.
format Article
author Vanittanakom N.
Cooper CR.
Fisher MC.
Sirisanthana T.
spellingShingle Vanittanakom N.
Cooper CR.
Fisher MC.
Sirisanthana T.
Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects
author_facet Vanittanakom N.
Cooper CR.
Fisher MC.
Sirisanthana T.
author_sort Vanittanakom N.
title Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects
title_short Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects
title_full Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects
title_fullStr Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects
title_full_unstemmed Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects
title_sort penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects
publishDate 2014
url http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3502482
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/handle/6653943832/3214
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