Cadmium-exposed population in Mae sot district, Tak province: 4 bone mineral density in persons with high cadmium exposure

• Main Authors: Limpatanachote P., Swaddiwudhipong W., Nishijo M., Honda R., Mahasakpan P., Nambunmee K., Ruangyuttikarn W.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2014
• Online Access: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650040743&partnerID=40&md5=5add62d44740b2676e0b4ac6d32ae688; http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/handle/6653943832/3610
• Institution: Chiang Mai University

Objective: To measure bone mineral density in cadmium-exposed persons aged 40 years and older that lived in the 12 contaminated villages in northwestern Thailand. Material and Method: Five hundred seventy three persons with urinary cadmium levels ≥ 5 μg/g creatinine during the 2004-2006 surveys were screened in 2007 for urinary excretion of cadmium, bone formation and resorption markers, and renal function markers. Calcaneus bone density was measured in each person by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone scanner. Results: The mean age of the study persons was 57 years old. The geometric mean level of urinary cadmium for women was significantly higher than that for men. Women had a lower mean of calcaneus bone density than men. The rate of osteoporosis in women (21.5%) was significantly higher than that for men (14.7%). Calcaneus bone density was negatively correlated with urinary excretion of calcium (in both genders) and crosslinked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (in women), after adjusting for other co-variables. Increasing urinary cadmium levels appeared to correlate with reduced bone density in women, but not in men. In both genders, urinary excretion of β2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase was higher in persons with osteoporosis than those without. Conclusion: Bone mineral loss is correlated with urinary cadmium levels and renal dysfunction in this female population.