Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle

Ethnic minority farmers in the infamous Golden Triangle were first incorporated into the nation states of China, Laos and Thailand, and later into the economic region called the Golden Economic Quadrangle. This article traces policies in each country for minorities, development and the environment,...

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Main Authors: Janet C. Sturgeon, Nicholas K. Menzies, Yayoi Fujita Lagerqvist, David Thomas, Benchaphun Ekasingh, Louis Lebel, Khamla Phanvilay, Sithong Thongmanivong
Format: Journal
Published: 2018
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84872412551&origin=inward
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/48340
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Institution: Chiang Mai University
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spelling th-cmuir.6653943832-483402018-04-25T08:50:47Z Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle Janet C. Sturgeon Nicholas K. Menzies Yayoi Fujita Lagerqvist David Thomas Benchaphun Ekasingh Louis Lebel Khamla Phanvilay Sithong Thongmanivong Ethnic minority farmers in the infamous Golden Triangle were first incorporated into the nation states of China, Laos and Thailand, and later into the economic region called the Golden Economic Quadrangle. This article traces policies in each country for minorities, development and the environment, followed by an analysis of agrarian transitions under economic regionalization. Using the framework of powers of exclusion and racialization, our findings show the changes for ethnic minorities who, with the exception of those in the lowlands, face environmental enclosures that dispossess them from lands on which livelihoods are based. Ideological legacies from the Golden Triangle, including 'backward' minorities, the fight against drugs, and threats to national security, continue to inform policies and development projects. While some farmers have become entrepreneurs planting cash crops, most face increasing marginalization under deepening regional capitalism. © 2013 International Institute of Social Studies. 2018-04-25T08:50:47Z 2018-04-25T08:50:47Z 2013-01-01 Journal 14677660 0012155X 2-s2.0-84872412551 10.1111/dech.12006 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84872412551&origin=inward http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/48340
institution Chiang Mai University
building Chiang Mai University Library
country Thailand
collection CMU Intellectual Repository
description Ethnic minority farmers in the infamous Golden Triangle were first incorporated into the nation states of China, Laos and Thailand, and later into the economic region called the Golden Economic Quadrangle. This article traces policies in each country for minorities, development and the environment, followed by an analysis of agrarian transitions under economic regionalization. Using the framework of powers of exclusion and racialization, our findings show the changes for ethnic minorities who, with the exception of those in the lowlands, face environmental enclosures that dispossess them from lands on which livelihoods are based. Ideological legacies from the Golden Triangle, including 'backward' minorities, the fight against drugs, and threats to national security, continue to inform policies and development projects. While some farmers have become entrepreneurs planting cash crops, most face increasing marginalization under deepening regional capitalism. © 2013 International Institute of Social Studies.
format Journal
author Janet C. Sturgeon
Nicholas K. Menzies
Yayoi Fujita Lagerqvist
David Thomas
Benchaphun Ekasingh
Louis Lebel
Khamla Phanvilay
Sithong Thongmanivong
spellingShingle Janet C. Sturgeon
Nicholas K. Menzies
Yayoi Fujita Lagerqvist
David Thomas
Benchaphun Ekasingh
Louis Lebel
Khamla Phanvilay
Sithong Thongmanivong
Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle
author_facet Janet C. Sturgeon
Nicholas K. Menzies
Yayoi Fujita Lagerqvist
David Thomas
Benchaphun Ekasingh
Louis Lebel
Khamla Phanvilay
Sithong Thongmanivong
author_sort Janet C. Sturgeon
title Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle
title_short Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle
title_full Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle
title_fullStr Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle
title_full_unstemmed Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle
title_sort enclosing ethnic minorities and forests in the golden economic quadrangle
publishDate 2018
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84872412551&origin=inward
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/48340
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