Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle
Ethnic minority farmers in the infamous Golden Triangle were first incorporated into the nation states of China, Laos and Thailand, and later into the economic region called the Golden Economic Quadrangle. This article traces policies in each country for minorities, development and the environment,...
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th-cmuir.6653943832-5252014-08-29T07:31:53Z Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle Sturgeon J.C. Menzies N.K. Fujita Lagerqvist Y. Thomas D. Ekasingh B. Lebel L. Phanvilay K. Thongmanivong S. Ethnic minority farmers in the infamous Golden Triangle were first incorporated into the nation states of China, Laos and Thailand, and later into the economic region called the Golden Economic Quadrangle. This article traces policies in each country for minorities, development and the environment, followed by an analysis of agrarian transitions under economic regionalization. Using the framework of powers of exclusion and racialization, our findings show the changes for ethnic minorities who, with the exception of those in the lowlands, face environmental enclosures that dispossess them from lands on which livelihoods are based. Ideological legacies from the Golden Triangle, including 'backward' minorities, the fight against drugs, and threats to national security, continue to inform policies and development projects. While some farmers have become entrepreneurs planting cash crops, most face increasing marginalization under deepening regional capitalism. © 2013 International Institute of Social Studies. 2014-08-29T07:31:53Z 2014-08-29T07:31:53Z 2013 Article 0012155X 10.1111/dech.12006 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84872412551&partnerID=40&md5=8e80922bc060e4e24ea719fb0e89d67a http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/handle/6653943832/525 English |
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Ethnic minority farmers in the infamous Golden Triangle were first incorporated into the nation states of China, Laos and Thailand, and later into the economic region called the Golden Economic Quadrangle. This article traces policies in each country for minorities, development and the environment, followed by an analysis of agrarian transitions under economic regionalization. Using the framework of powers of exclusion and racialization, our findings show the changes for ethnic minorities who, with the exception of those in the lowlands, face environmental enclosures that dispossess them from lands on which livelihoods are based. Ideological legacies from the Golden Triangle, including 'backward' minorities, the fight against drugs, and threats to national security, continue to inform policies and development projects. While some farmers have become entrepreneurs planting cash crops, most face increasing marginalization under deepening regional capitalism. © 2013 International Institute of Social Studies. |
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Article |
author |
Sturgeon J.C. Menzies N.K. Fujita Lagerqvist Y. Thomas D. Ekasingh B. Lebel L. Phanvilay K. Thongmanivong S. |
spellingShingle |
Sturgeon J.C. Menzies N.K. Fujita Lagerqvist Y. Thomas D. Ekasingh B. Lebel L. Phanvilay K. Thongmanivong S. Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle |
author_facet |
Sturgeon J.C. Menzies N.K. Fujita Lagerqvist Y. Thomas D. Ekasingh B. Lebel L. Phanvilay K. Thongmanivong S. |
author_sort |
Sturgeon J.C. |
title |
Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle |
title_short |
Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle |
title_full |
Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle |
title_fullStr |
Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle |
title_sort |
enclosing ethnic minorities and forests in the golden economic quadrangle |
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2014 |
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http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84872412551&partnerID=40&md5=8e80922bc060e4e24ea719fb0e89d67a http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/handle/6653943832/525 |
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