Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand

Background: Previous U.S. population modeling studies have reported that urinary cadmium (Cd) excretion patterns differ with age, sex, and dietary exposure; associations between Cd exposures and health outcomes also have differed by age and sex. Therefore, it is important to test models used to esti...

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Main Authors: Soisungwan Satarug, Witaya Swaddiwudhipong, Werawan Ruangyuttikarn, Muneko Nishijo, Patricia Ruiz
Format: Journal
Published: 2018
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http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/52603
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Institution: Chiang Mai University
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spelling th-cmuir.6653943832-526032018-09-04T09:33:55Z Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand Soisungwan Satarug Witaya Swaddiwudhipong Werawan Ruangyuttikarn Muneko Nishijo Patricia Ruiz Environmental Science Medicine Background: Previous U.S. population modeling studies have reported that urinary cadmium (Cd) excretion patterns differ with age, sex, and dietary exposure; associations between Cd exposures and health outcomes also have differed by age and sex. Therefore, it is important to test models used to estimate Cd exposures across an expanded Cd-exposure range. Objectives: We estimated relative Cd exposures from both diet and smoking in low- and high-exposure scenarios to provide data for improving risk assessment calculations. Methods: We used a Cd toxicokinetic-based model to estimate Cd exposures based on urinary Cd levels measured for 399 persons in a low-exposure area (Bangkok) and 6,747 persons in a high-exposure area (Mae Sot) in Thailand. Results: In Bangkok, we estimated dietary Cd exposures of 50-56 μg/day for males and 21-27 μg/day for females 20-59 years of age who never smoked. In Mae Sot, we estimated dietary Cd exposures of 188-224 μg/day for males and 99-113 μg/day for females 20-59 years of age who never smoked. In Bangkok, we estimated Cd exposures from smoking to be 5.5-20.4 μg/day for male smokers 20-59 years of age. In Mae Sot, we estimated Cd exposures from smoking to be 9.8-26 μg/day for male heavy smokers and 26 μg/day for female heavy smokers. Conclusion: This study provides estimates of Cd exposures from diet and smoking in low- and high-exposure scenarios. Our findings suggest a relatively small safety margin between the established tolerable Cd reference exposure of 62 μg/day and exposure levels previously associated with evidence of kidney and bone effects in Mae Sot residents, where dietary Cd exposures among women were only 1.6-2.1 times the reference value. 2018-09-04T09:28:02Z 2018-09-04T09:28:02Z 2013-05-01 Journal 15529924 00916765 2-s2.0-84877033786 10.1289/ehp.1104769 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84877033786&origin=inward http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/52603
institution Chiang Mai University
building Chiang Mai University Library
country Thailand
collection CMU Intellectual Repository
topic Environmental Science
Medicine
spellingShingle Environmental Science
Medicine
Soisungwan Satarug
Witaya Swaddiwudhipong
Werawan Ruangyuttikarn
Muneko Nishijo
Patricia Ruiz
Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand
description Background: Previous U.S. population modeling studies have reported that urinary cadmium (Cd) excretion patterns differ with age, sex, and dietary exposure; associations between Cd exposures and health outcomes also have differed by age and sex. Therefore, it is important to test models used to estimate Cd exposures across an expanded Cd-exposure range. Objectives: We estimated relative Cd exposures from both diet and smoking in low- and high-exposure scenarios to provide data for improving risk assessment calculations. Methods: We used a Cd toxicokinetic-based model to estimate Cd exposures based on urinary Cd levels measured for 399 persons in a low-exposure area (Bangkok) and 6,747 persons in a high-exposure area (Mae Sot) in Thailand. Results: In Bangkok, we estimated dietary Cd exposures of 50-56 μg/day for males and 21-27 μg/day for females 20-59 years of age who never smoked. In Mae Sot, we estimated dietary Cd exposures of 188-224 μg/day for males and 99-113 μg/day for females 20-59 years of age who never smoked. In Bangkok, we estimated Cd exposures from smoking to be 5.5-20.4 μg/day for male smokers 20-59 years of age. In Mae Sot, we estimated Cd exposures from smoking to be 9.8-26 μg/day for male heavy smokers and 26 μg/day for female heavy smokers. Conclusion: This study provides estimates of Cd exposures from diet and smoking in low- and high-exposure scenarios. Our findings suggest a relatively small safety margin between the established tolerable Cd reference exposure of 62 μg/day and exposure levels previously associated with evidence of kidney and bone effects in Mae Sot residents, where dietary Cd exposures among women were only 1.6-2.1 times the reference value.
format Journal
author Soisungwan Satarug
Witaya Swaddiwudhipong
Werawan Ruangyuttikarn
Muneko Nishijo
Patricia Ruiz
author_facet Soisungwan Satarug
Witaya Swaddiwudhipong
Werawan Ruangyuttikarn
Muneko Nishijo
Patricia Ruiz
author_sort Soisungwan Satarug
title Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand
title_short Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand
title_full Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand
title_fullStr Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand
title_full_unstemmed Modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in Thailand
title_sort modeling cadmium exposures in low- and high-exposure areas in thailand
publishDate 2018
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84877033786&origin=inward
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/52603
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