Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi

Background: Filariasis, caused by Brugia malayi, is a public health problem in Thailand. Currently, at least two locations in southern Thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. Two and four Mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race,...

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Main Authors: Atiporn Saeung, Chayanit Hempolchom, Visut Baimai, Sorawat Thongsahuan, Kritsana Taai, Narissara Jariyapan, Udom Chaithong, Wej Choochote
Format: Journal
Published: 2018
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spelling th-cmuir.6653943832-526532018-09-04T09:34:33Z Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi Atiporn Saeung Chayanit Hempolchom Visut Baimai Sorawat Thongsahuan Kritsana Taai Narissara Jariyapan Udom Chaithong Wej Choochote Immunology and Microbiology Medicine Background: Filariasis, caused by Brugia malayi, is a public health problem in Thailand. Currently, at least two locations in southern Thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. Two and four Mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race, whereas, Coquillettidia crassipes is a vector of the diurnally subperiodic race. Although several Anopheles species have been incriminated extensively as natural and/or suspected vectors of B. malayi, little is known about vector competence between indigenous Anopheles and this filaria in Thailand. Thus, the susceptibility levels of eight species members in the Thai An. hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic B. malayi are presented herein, and the two main refractory factors that affect them in different degrees of susceptibility have been elucidated. Methods. Aedes togoi (a control vector), An. argyropus, An. crawfordi, An. nigerrimus, An. nitidus, An. paraliae, An. peditaeniatus, An. pursati and An. sinensis were allowed to feed artificially on blood containing B. malayi microfilariae, and dissected 14 days after feeding. To determine factors that take effect at different susceptibility levels, stain-smeared blood meals were taken from the midguts of Ae. togoi, An. peditaeniatus, An. crawfordi, An. paraliae, An. sinensis and An. nitidus immediately after feeding, and their dissected-thoraxes 4 days post blood-feedings were examined consecutively for microfilariae and L§ssub§1§esub§ larvae. Results: The susceptibility rates of Ae. togoi, An. peditaeniatus, An. crawfordi, An. nigerrimus, An. argyropus, An. pursati, An. sinensis, An. paraliae and An. nitidus to B. malayi were 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-85%, 50-65%, 60%, 60%, 10%, 5%, and 0%, respectively. These susceptibility rates related clearly to the degrees of normal larval development in thoracic muscles, i.e., Ae. togoi, An. peditaeniatus, An. crawfordi, An. paraliae, An. sinensis and An. nitidus yielded normal L§ssub§1§esub§ larvae of 93.15%, 96.34%, 97.33%, 23.60%, 15.38% and 0%, respectively. Conclusions: An. peditaeniatus, An. crawfordi, An. nigerrimus, An. argyropus and An. pursati were high potential vectors. An. paraliae and An. sinensis were low potential vectors, while An. nitidus was a refractory vector. Two refractory mechanisms; direct toxicity and/or melanotic encapsulation against filarial larval were involved in the refractoriness of development in the thoracic muscles of the mosquito. © 2013 Saeung et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2018-09-04T09:28:58Z 2018-09-04T09:28:58Z 2013-01-08 Journal 17563305 2-s2.0-84871727710 10.1186/1756-3305-6-5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84871727710&origin=inward http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/52653
institution Chiang Mai University
building Chiang Mai University Library
country Thailand
collection CMU Intellectual Repository
topic Immunology and Microbiology
Medicine
spellingShingle Immunology and Microbiology
Medicine
Atiporn Saeung
Chayanit Hempolchom
Visut Baimai
Sorawat Thongsahuan
Kritsana Taai
Narissara Jariyapan
Udom Chaithong
Wej Choochote
Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi
description Background: Filariasis, caused by Brugia malayi, is a public health problem in Thailand. Currently, at least two locations in southern Thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. Two and four Mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race, whereas, Coquillettidia crassipes is a vector of the diurnally subperiodic race. Although several Anopheles species have been incriminated extensively as natural and/or suspected vectors of B. malayi, little is known about vector competence between indigenous Anopheles and this filaria in Thailand. Thus, the susceptibility levels of eight species members in the Thai An. hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic B. malayi are presented herein, and the two main refractory factors that affect them in different degrees of susceptibility have been elucidated. Methods. Aedes togoi (a control vector), An. argyropus, An. crawfordi, An. nigerrimus, An. nitidus, An. paraliae, An. peditaeniatus, An. pursati and An. sinensis were allowed to feed artificially on blood containing B. malayi microfilariae, and dissected 14 days after feeding. To determine factors that take effect at different susceptibility levels, stain-smeared blood meals were taken from the midguts of Ae. togoi, An. peditaeniatus, An. crawfordi, An. paraliae, An. sinensis and An. nitidus immediately after feeding, and their dissected-thoraxes 4 days post blood-feedings were examined consecutively for microfilariae and L§ssub§1§esub§ larvae. Results: The susceptibility rates of Ae. togoi, An. peditaeniatus, An. crawfordi, An. nigerrimus, An. argyropus, An. pursati, An. sinensis, An. paraliae and An. nitidus to B. malayi were 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-85%, 50-65%, 60%, 60%, 10%, 5%, and 0%, respectively. These susceptibility rates related clearly to the degrees of normal larval development in thoracic muscles, i.e., Ae. togoi, An. peditaeniatus, An. crawfordi, An. paraliae, An. sinensis and An. nitidus yielded normal L§ssub§1§esub§ larvae of 93.15%, 96.34%, 97.33%, 23.60%, 15.38% and 0%, respectively. Conclusions: An. peditaeniatus, An. crawfordi, An. nigerrimus, An. argyropus and An. pursati were high potential vectors. An. paraliae and An. sinensis were low potential vectors, while An. nitidus was a refractory vector. Two refractory mechanisms; direct toxicity and/or melanotic encapsulation against filarial larval were involved in the refractoriness of development in the thoracic muscles of the mosquito. © 2013 Saeung et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
format Journal
author Atiporn Saeung
Chayanit Hempolchom
Visut Baimai
Sorawat Thongsahuan
Kritsana Taai
Narissara Jariyapan
Udom Chaithong
Wej Choochote
author_facet Atiporn Saeung
Chayanit Hempolchom
Visut Baimai
Sorawat Thongsahuan
Kritsana Taai
Narissara Jariyapan
Udom Chaithong
Wej Choochote
author_sort Atiporn Saeung
title Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi
title_short Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi
title_full Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi
title_fullStr Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi
title_full_unstemmed Susceptibility of eight species members in the Anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi
title_sort susceptibility of eight species members in the anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic brugia malayi
publishDate 2018
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84871727710&origin=inward
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/52653
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