Ammonium tolerance and toxicity of Actinoscirpus grossus - A candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems
Actinoscirpus grossus, a native species in tropical wetlands of South-East Asia, North Australia and the Pacific islands, has been reported to perform well in experimental scale constructed wetland (CW) systems. However, little is known about how high NH4+ concentrations prevailing in wastewater aff...
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th-cmuir.6653943832-535902018-09-04T09:58:34Z Ammonium tolerance and toxicity of Actinoscirpus grossus - A candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems Narumol Piwpuan Arunothai Jampeetong Hans Brix Environmental Science Medicine Actinoscirpus grossus, a native species in tropical wetlands of South-East Asia, North Australia and the Pacific islands, has been reported to perform well in experimental scale constructed wetland (CW) systems. However, little is known about how high NH4+ concentrations prevailing in wastewater affect growth and performance of this species. We examined growth, morphological and physiological responses of A. grossus to NH4+ concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15mM under hydroponic growth conditions. The relative growth rates (RGR) of the plants were highest at 2.5mM NH4+ but significantly reduced at 10 and 15mM NH4+. The roots of the plants were stunted and produced subepidermal lignified-cell layers at exposure to 10 and 15mM NH4+. The photosynthetic rates did not differ between treatments (average An=21.3±0.4μmolCO2m-2s-1) but the photosynthetic nitrogen and carbon use efficiency (PNUE and PCUE) were significantly depressed at 10 and 15mM NH4+ treatments. The concentration of NH4+ in the roots, but not in the leaves, reflected the NH4+ concentration in the growth medium suggesting that the species is unable to regulate the NH4+ uptake. The high root respiration rates in concert with high tissue NH4+ and declined C/N ratio at 10 and 15mM NH4+ suggest that the NH4+ assimilation occurs primarily in the roots and the plant has inadequate C-skeletons for NH4+ assimilation and exudation at high NH4+ concentration in the external solution. The concentrations of mineral cations were generally reduced and the root membrane permeability increased at high external NH4+ concentrations. Our study shows that A. grossus tolerates NH4+ concentrations up to 5mM which is characteristic of most types of wastewater. Hence, A. grossus is a good native candidate species for use in CW systems in tropical and subtropical climates in South-East Asia, North Australia and the Pacific islands. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. 2018-09-04T09:52:20Z 2018-09-04T09:52:20Z 2014-01-01 Journal 10902414 01476513 2-s2.0-84904436777 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.032 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84904436777&origin=inward http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/53590 |
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Environmental Science Medicine Narumol Piwpuan Arunothai Jampeetong Hans Brix Ammonium tolerance and toxicity of Actinoscirpus grossus - A candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems |
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Actinoscirpus grossus, a native species in tropical wetlands of South-East Asia, North Australia and the Pacific islands, has been reported to perform well in experimental scale constructed wetland (CW) systems. However, little is known about how high NH4+ concentrations prevailing in wastewater affect growth and performance of this species. We examined growth, morphological and physiological responses of A. grossus to NH4+ concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15mM under hydroponic growth conditions. The relative growth rates (RGR) of the plants were highest at 2.5mM NH4+ but significantly reduced at 10 and 15mM NH4+. The roots of the plants were stunted and produced subepidermal lignified-cell layers at exposure to 10 and 15mM NH4+. The photosynthetic rates did not differ between treatments (average An=21.3±0.4μmolCO2m-2s-1) but the photosynthetic nitrogen and carbon use efficiency (PNUE and PCUE) were significantly depressed at 10 and 15mM NH4+ treatments. The concentration of NH4+ in the roots, but not in the leaves, reflected the NH4+ concentration in the growth medium suggesting that the species is unable to regulate the NH4+ uptake. The high root respiration rates in concert with high tissue NH4+ and declined C/N ratio at 10 and 15mM NH4+ suggest that the NH4+ assimilation occurs primarily in the roots and the plant has inadequate C-skeletons for NH4+ assimilation and exudation at high NH4+ concentration in the external solution. The concentrations of mineral cations were generally reduced and the root membrane permeability increased at high external NH4+ concentrations. Our study shows that A. grossus tolerates NH4+ concentrations up to 5mM which is characteristic of most types of wastewater. Hence, A. grossus is a good native candidate species for use in CW systems in tropical and subtropical climates in South-East Asia, North Australia and the Pacific islands. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. |
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Narumol Piwpuan Arunothai Jampeetong Hans Brix |
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Narumol Piwpuan Arunothai Jampeetong Hans Brix |
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Narumol Piwpuan |
title |
Ammonium tolerance and toxicity of Actinoscirpus grossus - A candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems |
title_short |
Ammonium tolerance and toxicity of Actinoscirpus grossus - A candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems |
title_full |
Ammonium tolerance and toxicity of Actinoscirpus grossus - A candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems |
title_fullStr |
Ammonium tolerance and toxicity of Actinoscirpus grossus - A candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ammonium tolerance and toxicity of Actinoscirpus grossus - A candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems |
title_sort |
ammonium tolerance and toxicity of actinoscirpus grossus - a candidate species for use in tropical constructed wetland systems |
publishDate |
2018 |
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https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84904436777&origin=inward http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/53590 |
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