SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 pandemic – an update

• Main Authors: Ramya Shanmugam, Sangeetha Thangavelu, Zareena Fathah, Mohd Iqbal Yatoo, Ruchi Tiwari, Megha Katare Pandey, Jaideep Dhama, Ram Chandra, Yashpal Singh Malik, Kuldeep Dhama, Ranjit Sah, Wanpen Chaicumpa, Velayuthaprabhu Shanmugam, Vijaya Anand Arumugam
• Other Authors: SKUAST-Kashmir, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry
• Format: Article
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
• Online Access: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/60375
• Institution: Mahidol University

© 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved. The coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), set it foots in China during December 2019 as a high-alert public health emergency. This malady had thereafter spread rapidly across the globe in more than 215 countries, affecting more than 50 million people and causing the death of nearly 1.3 million as of 9th November, 2020 and resulted in a massive panic, fear, and economic crashes in most of the world. A better understanding of the disease, the virus, structural biology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and management can be extrapolated from the literature review of the research up to date. In addition, deliberations on animal linkages, spillover and zoonotic implications for exploring the actual origin of the disease and all possible animal-human interfaces, intermediate host; diagnosis for devising specific and sensitive tests of ease, accessibility and affordability; advances in the development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics for prevention and treatment; management of COVID-19 practicable in all countries; application of traditional or regularly used modalities including plant-based products and medicinal herbs against SARS-COV-2; nutritious dietary foods against this disease; and socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 can provide valuable information on these various aspects. Most of the research currently focuses on disease, development of a vaccine or therapeutic modalities. But the future mortality rate and virulence of virus not only depends on the evolution of the virus, but also on how we develop preventive measures and effective treatment as well as in advance preparedness. The present review highlights salient aspects of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19, pathology, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, potential treatment, and alternative / supportive therapeutic options.