Country Level Diversity of the HIV-1 Pandemic between 1990 and 2015

• Main Authors: Joris Hemelaar, Shanghavie Loganathan, Ramyiadarsini Elangovan, Jason Yun, Leslie Dickson-Tetteh, Shona Kirtley, Alash’le G. Abimiku, Simon Agwale, Chris Archibald, Boaz Avidor, María Gabriela Barbás, Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, Banson Barugahare, El Hadj Belabbes, Silvia Bertagnolio, Deborah Birx, Aleksei F. Bobkov, James Brandful, Helba Bredell, Catherine A. Brennan, James Brooks, Marie Bruckova, Luigi Buonaguro, Franco Buonaguro, Stefano Buttò, Anne Buvé, Mary Campbell, Jean Carr, Alex Carrera, Manuel Gómez Carrillo, Connie Celum, Beth Chaplin, Macarthur Charles, Dimitrios Chatzidimitriou, Zhiwei Chen, Katsumi Chijiwa, David Cooper, Philip Cunningham, Anoumou Dagnra, Cillian F. de Gascun, Julia Del Amo, Elena Delgado, Ursula Dietrich, Dominic Dwyer, Dennis Ellenberger, Barbara Ensoli, Max Essex, Hervé Fleury, Peter N. Fonjungo, Vincent Foulongne, Deepak A. Gadkari, Feng Gao, Federico García, Roger Garsia, Guy Michel Gershy-Damet, Judith R. Glynn, Ruth Goodall, Zehava Grossman, Monick Lindenmeyer Guimarães, Beatrice Hahn, Raph L. Hamers, Osamah Hamouda, Ray Handema, Xiang He, Joshua Herbeck, David D. Ho, Africa Holguin, Mina Hosseinipour, Gillian Hunt, Masahiko Ito, Mohamed Ali Bel Hadj Kacem, Erin Kahle, Pontiano Kaleebu, Marcia Kalish, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Chun Kang, Phyllis Kanki, Edward Karamov, Jean Claude Karasi, Kayitesi Kayitenkore, Tony Kelleher, Dwip Kitayaporn, Leondios G. Kostrikis, Claudia Kucherer, Claudia Lara, Thomas Leitner, Kirsi Liitsola, Jai Lingappa, Marek Linka, Ivette Lorenzana de Rivera, Vladimir Lukashov, Shlomo Maayan, Luzia Mayr, Francine McCutchan, Nicolas Meda, Elisabeth Menu, Fred Mhalu, Doreen Mloka, John L. Mokili, Brigitte Montes
• Other Authors: Groupe d’étude Haïtien sur le Sarcome de Kaposi et les Infections Opportunistes
• Format: Article
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Immunology and Microbiology
• Online Access: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/75811
• Institution: Mahidol University

The global diversity of HIV forms a major challenge to the development of an HIV vaccine, as well as diagnostic, drug resistance, and viral load assays, which are essential to reaching the UNAIDS 90:90:90 targets. We sought to determine country level HIV-1 diversity globally between 1990 and 2015. W...