Identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities
Background Understanding epidemiological variables affecting gametocyte carriage and density is essential to design interventions that most effectively reduce malaria human-to-mosquito transmission. Methodology/Principal findings Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites and gametocytes were quan...
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th-mahidol.779822022-08-04T16:16:24Z Identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities Cristian Koepfli Wang Nguitragool Anne Cristine Gomes de Almeida Andrea Kuehn Andreea Waltmann Eline Kattenberg Maria Ome-Kaius Patricia Rarau Thomas Obadia James Kazura Wuelton Monteiro Andrew W. Darcy Lyndes Wini Quique Bassat Ingrid Felger Jetsumon Sattabongkot Leanne J. Robinson Marcus Lacerda Ivo Mueller Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research University of Melbourne Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) University of Notre Dame CASE School of Medicine Universidade do Estado do Amazonas Institut Pasteur, Paris Universitat de Barcelona Ministry of Health Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM) Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Medicine Background Understanding epidemiological variables affecting gametocyte carriage and density is essential to design interventions that most effectively reduce malaria human-to-mosquito transmission. Methodology/Principal findings Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites and gametocytes were quantified by qPCR and RT-qPCR assays using the same methodologies in 5 cross-sectional surveys involving 16,493 individuals in Brazil, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. The pro-portion of infections with detectable gametocytes per survey ranged from 44–94% for P. fal-ciparum and from 23–72% for P. vivax. Blood-stage parasite density was the most important predictor of the probability to detect gametocytes. In moderate transmission settings (prevalence by qPCR>5%), parasite density decreased with age and the majority of gametocyte carriers were children. In low transmission settings (prevalence<5%), >65% of gametocyte carriers were adults. Per survey, 37–100% of all individuals positive for gameto-cytes by RT-qPCR were positive by light microscopy for asexual stages or gametocytes (overall: P. falciparum 178/348, P. vivax 235/398). Conclusions/Significance Interventions to reduce human-to-mosquito malaria transmission in moderate-high endemicity settings will have the greatest impact when children are targeted. In contrast, all age groups need to be included in control activities in low endemicity settings to achieve elimination. Detection of infections by light microscopy is a valuable tool to identify asymp-tomatic blood stage infections that likely contribute most to ongoing transmission at the time of sampling. 2022-08-04T09:16:24Z 2022-08-04T09:16:24Z 2021-08-01 Article PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Vol.15, No.8 (2021) 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009672 19352735 19352727 2-s2.0-85114108652 https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/77982 Mahidol University SCOPUS https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85114108652&origin=inward |
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Medicine Cristian Koepfli Wang Nguitragool Anne Cristine Gomes de Almeida Andrea Kuehn Andreea Waltmann Eline Kattenberg Maria Ome-Kaius Patricia Rarau Thomas Obadia James Kazura Wuelton Monteiro Andrew W. Darcy Lyndes Wini Quique Bassat Ingrid Felger Jetsumon Sattabongkot Leanne J. Robinson Marcus Lacerda Ivo Mueller Identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities |
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Background Understanding epidemiological variables affecting gametocyte carriage and density is essential to design interventions that most effectively reduce malaria human-to-mosquito transmission. Methodology/Principal findings Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites and gametocytes were quantified by qPCR and RT-qPCR assays using the same methodologies in 5 cross-sectional surveys involving 16,493 individuals in Brazil, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. The pro-portion of infections with detectable gametocytes per survey ranged from 44–94% for P. fal-ciparum and from 23–72% for P. vivax. Blood-stage parasite density was the most important predictor of the probability to detect gametocytes. In moderate transmission settings (prevalence by qPCR>5%), parasite density decreased with age and the majority of gametocyte carriers were children. In low transmission settings (prevalence<5%), >65% of gametocyte carriers were adults. Per survey, 37–100% of all individuals positive for gameto-cytes by RT-qPCR were positive by light microscopy for asexual stages or gametocytes (overall: P. falciparum 178/348, P. vivax 235/398). Conclusions/Significance Interventions to reduce human-to-mosquito malaria transmission in moderate-high endemicity settings will have the greatest impact when children are targeted. In contrast, all age groups need to be included in control activities in low endemicity settings to achieve elimination. Detection of infections by light microscopy is a valuable tool to identify asymp-tomatic blood stage infections that likely contribute most to ongoing transmission at the time of sampling. |
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Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University |
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Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Cristian Koepfli Wang Nguitragool Anne Cristine Gomes de Almeida Andrea Kuehn Andreea Waltmann Eline Kattenberg Maria Ome-Kaius Patricia Rarau Thomas Obadia James Kazura Wuelton Monteiro Andrew W. Darcy Lyndes Wini Quique Bassat Ingrid Felger Jetsumon Sattabongkot Leanne J. Robinson Marcus Lacerda Ivo Mueller |
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Article |
author |
Cristian Koepfli Wang Nguitragool Anne Cristine Gomes de Almeida Andrea Kuehn Andreea Waltmann Eline Kattenberg Maria Ome-Kaius Patricia Rarau Thomas Obadia James Kazura Wuelton Monteiro Andrew W. Darcy Lyndes Wini Quique Bassat Ingrid Felger Jetsumon Sattabongkot Leanne J. Robinson Marcus Lacerda Ivo Mueller |
author_sort |
Cristian Koepfli |
title |
Identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities |
title_short |
Identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities |
title_full |
Identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities |
title_fullStr |
Identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities |
title_sort |
identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities |
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2022 |
url |
https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/77982 |
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1763494929549492224 |