Production and Characterizations of Biosurfactant from Halomonas elongata BK-AG18 using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as Carbon Source

• Main Author: Nur Faiz, Nevila
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/23464
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Biosurfactant is a secondary bacterial metabolite compound produced extracellularly on growth medium with limited nutritional conditions. On an industrial scale, biosurfactant production costs a lot, while production efficiency is low. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is thought to have potential as a source of carbon nutrition for biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Previous research showed that Halomonas elongata BK-AG18 with glycerol as carbon source resulted glycolipid type biosurfactant with 275 mg/L CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) value, IE24 (24 hours Emulsification Index) was 53.6%. The objective of this research is to know the potential of H. elongata BK-AG18 bacteria in producing biosurfactant with POME as carbon source, to find optimum condition of biosurfactant production media, and to determine biosurfactant characteristic of production using POME waste water source and compared with production biosurfactant using source carbon glycerol. This research is divided into four stages: bacterial cultivation in blue agar plate, production optimization, biosurfactant production, and characterization. In this study it has been proved that the halophilic bacteria H. elongata BK-AG18 can produce biosurfactants with POME as carbon source. The result of optimization of production showed that optimum biosurfactant production on media with 15% (v/v) of POME, urea as nitrogen source as much as 0.1% (w/v), media pH of 7, salt content (NaCl ) 5% (w/v), and 73 hours incubation duration. The chemical characteristics of biosurfactant based on FTIR spectrum results show that the biosurfactant produced by H. elongata BK-AG18 bacteria has a distinctive vibration peak in the range of 3428, 2940, 1661, 1435, 1483, 1520, 1057, and 870 cm-1 which represents the presence of the -OH, CH aliphatic, -C=C and NC=O, -CH3 and -CH2 aliphatic groups, -CO, and C=C. The result of the 1H-NMR spectrum of the biosurfactant gives signals to a 0.91 chemical shift; 2.03; 2.26; 2.38; 2.50; 3.50; 4.08; and 7.31 representing signals typical of protons -CH2-alkyl, R2C=(CR)-CH3 allyl, R-(C=O)-CH3 ketone, RC=CH acetyl, alkyl (deshielding), HOCH2R alcohol, HC-OC ether (glycosidic bond), and carboxylic acid R-COOH or Ar-COOH. The physical characteristics of biosurfactant with du Nouy ring in determining CMC values gaves the result that 193 mg/L of biosurfactant was required to reduce the surface tension of fluid by 14.9 dyne/cm. The stability of biosurfactant produced by H. elongata BK-AG18 with carbon source of bg liquid waste has IE24 value of 55,6% and stable at 10% NaCl, 40 ° C and pH 5.