Synthesis of Lauryl Glucoside and Lauryl Polyglucoside Surfactant from Glucose and Lauryl Alcohol (Fischer Method)

• Main Author: MAULID SEPTIADI 10511100, ACHMAD
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/24941
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p align="justify">Lauryl glucoside is a surfactant compound included in glycolipid groups; it is environmentally friendly by being biodegradable, and because it can be synthesized from renewable natural resources, hence it is ecologically and toxicologically safe (not irritative to the skin). This compound, known as APG (alkyl polyglycosides) in trade, has long been used in detergent, cosmetic, and dyes materials; besides that, it has also been used as an emulsifier in food and drug industries. In this research, the APG has been synthesized by one step Fischer method (acetalyzation reaction), by reacting anhydrous glucose and lauryl alcohol (1 : 4 mole ratio) with paratoluenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The reaction was conducted in vacuum distillation system for 4 hours at 110 oC (temperature) and 26 cmHg. In this research, from 6 grams of glucose and 30 mL of lauryl alcohol, 2.973 grams (25.6 % rendement) solid product was obtained. The product was washed with acetone and then rewashed with mixed solvents of methanol : ethanol : water = 60 : 35 : 5 (v/v/v). The product was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). An absorption peak was observed at 1150 cm-1 which indicates the formation of ether linkage (C-O-C) in the product. The 1H NMR spectrum (500 MHz, D2O) of product shows five chemical shift signals of protons at chemical shift of 0.87 ppm, 1.25 ppm, 1.59 ppm, 3.2-4 ppm and 4.83 ppm, which happen to be characteristic signals of lauryl glucoside. Thermal gravimetric analysis of the product showed 56.5% mass decreasing at range temperature of 270-334 oC which is in lined with literature. Physical properties of the surfactant were investigated by measuring surface tension and interface tension using tensiometer with du Nouy method, emulsion stability index, and determination of HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance). The results are as follows: 1 g/L concentration gave 38.32 dyne/cm of surface tension; 19.87 dyne/cm of interface tension (water-o-xylene); emulsion stability at 85%. HLB value of the product was measured by Greenwald’s water number method (titrimetric) and gave 14.6 value of HLB.<p align="justify">