#TITLE_ALTERNATIVE#

• Main Author: BAKHTIAR PURKON NPM: 20715309, DICKI
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/26638
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Immunomodulator is an immune response modifying compound that capable of <br /> <br /> enhancing immune responses (immunostimulant) which is useful for infected <br /> <br /> patients (e.g. bacteria, viruses) or immune deficiency sufferers such as AIDs, or <br /> <br /> immune suppressants (immunosuppressive) or tolerogens that beneficial for <br /> <br /> autoimmune diseases such as lupus and patients undergoing organ transplantation. <br /> <br /> This research aims to study the immunomodulator effect of liverwort (Marchantia <br /> <br /> paleacea Bertol.) extract as well as its application on animal model induced <br /> <br /> Salmonella typhimurium. The active substances of liverwort were extracted by <br /> <br /> maceration method using 96% ethanol. The characterization of the extract was <br /> <br /> determined according to the WHO guideline. Immunomodulatory activity of the <br /> <br /> extract was determined in BALB/c mice through carbon clearance test, antibody <br /> <br /> titer, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) and cytokine level <br /> <br /> determination. Effect of the extract on mice induced by Salmonella typhimurium <br /> <br /> were determined through profile of animal body weight change, toxicity <br /> <br /> symptoms, mortality, blood serum biochemistry (SGPT, albumin and total <br /> <br /> protein) and liver tissue examination. The result of characterization and quality <br /> <br /> assurance showed the ethanol extract of liverwort (EEL) contained 4.98% water <br /> <br /> content, 7.49% water soluble content, 34.88% ethanol soluble content, 8.77% total <br /> <br /> ash content and 5% w/v extract density of 0.8140 g/mL. Phytochemical screening <br /> <br /> showed that the extract contained flavonoid, saponin, phenolic, tannin and <br /> <br /> steroid/triterpenoid. The test results showed that all the three doses of EEL have <br /> <br /> immunostimulatory activity with phagocytic index > 1.3. The three doses (13, 26 <br /> <br /> and 52 mg/kg bb) of the EEL also increased significantly liver index (p<0.01), <br /> <br /> primary and secondary antibody titers and cellular immune responses <br /> <br /> characterized by increased DTH reactions in T24. In the test of cytokines, only 52 <br /> <br /> mg/kg bb of EEL dose increased IL-2 level significantly (p<0.05). In testing of <br /> <br /> immunodeficiency animals induced with Salmonella typhimurium, the three doses <br /> <br /> of EEL could improve liver damage and liver function characterized by decreased <br /> <br /> SGPT activity significantly (p<0.05) and elevated serum albumin levels to normal <br /> <br /> levels. In addition, liver histology also showed improvement in animals liver <br /> <br /> given EEL. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that EEL has <br /> <br /> immunostimulation activity. <br />