MODIFICATION OF STARCH USING CITRACONIC ANHYDRIDE VIA ESTERIFICATION AND GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Main Author: SYAH PUTRA NIM: 10514033, HENGKY
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/27818
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Petroleum is one of the non-renewable sources of energy. Current petroleum consumption is <br /> <br /> greater than its production. One of the efforts to increase the extraction of petroleum is <br /> <br /> Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method. EOR can maximize up to 60% of its oil from its <br /> <br /> reserves. One of the EOR techniques is by chemicals injection, such as polymers. In this study, <br /> <br /> the polymers used for the EOR application were modified starch using citraconic anhydride. <br /> <br /> The modification of starch was carried out by esterification reaction and graft <br /> <br /> copolymerization. Starch was isolated from cassava with a yield of 7.9% and amylose content <br /> <br /> of 20.5%. The resulting products of esterification and graft copolymerization were <br /> <br /> characterized with FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), 1H-NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic <br /> <br /> Resonance), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The FTIR results of the esterification <br /> <br /> products with acid catalysts showed the peak of carbonyl ester around 1700 cm-1 which <br /> <br /> appeared more significant compared to the products of the base-catalyzed reactions. The <br /> <br /> copolymer of starch-g-poly(citraconic anhydride) showed two sharp peaks around 1700 cm-1 <br /> <br /> indicating an ester group. The 1H-NMR spectrum showed typical peaks at particular chemical <br /> <br /> shifts of 1, 1,9, 4, 5,8 dan 6,7 ppm for the starch-g-poly(citraconic anhydride). The SEM results <br /> <br /> indicated that the esterification products and the starch-g-poly(citraconic anhydride) had <br /> <br /> crystalline morphologies. The viscosity test showed that the viscosities of the solution were <br /> <br /> around 0,5 &#822; 1,0 cP, which were sligthly larger compared to the viscosity of pure water (0,5 &#822; 0,8 <br /> <br /> cP). Based on the viscocity data, the esterification products and copolymers of starch-gpoly( <br /> <br /> citraconic anhydride) are still not yet suitable for enhanced oil recovery.