ANTIHYPERURICEMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSELLE CALYX (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ITS FRACTION AND THE ISOLATE

• Main Author: Wahyuningsih, Sri
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Farmakologi dan terapeutik
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/32801
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Prevalence of hyperuricaemia disease tend to increase from year to year. Hyperuricaemia is a state of high level of uric acid in the blood (man > 7 mg /dl, in women> 6 mg/dl). State of hyperuricaemia can develop into gout disease. Hyperuricaemia is also associated with factors develop hypertension and irrespective renal function. Allopurinol is an antihyperuricemic drug that is frequently used by the patient, however allopurinol can cause hazardous side effects such as: skin eruption, gastrointestinal disorder, allergic reactions, headache, vertigo, allopesia, hypertension, neurophaty and hepatotoxic. That is the reason we need to find plant material that can be used to lower uric acid levels. One of the plants that can be used to lower uric acid is roselle calyx that is traditionally used by drinking steeped roselle calyx in water. Roselle plant mainly roselle calyx has been widely used by the community for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, lower cholesterol, diuretic, protects against infection, improve blood circulation, prevent heart disease and lower uric acid level. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of roselle calyx extract as antihyperuricemia, the working mechanism of the extract, fractions or isolates as well as identifying the active compounds. Experiments that have been conducted were a test on anti hyperuricaemia of the ethanol extract at dose of 40 mg/kg bw and 80 mg/kg bw. The activity of the extract as antihyperuricemia was significant when compared to the control group. Research was continued with antihyperuricemia test of the extract fraction and the best dose for the fraction of water and ethyl acetate were 37.5 mg/kg bw and 25 mg/kg bw respectively. Test on the xanthine oxidase inhibition in vitro showed that ethanol extracts, water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction at 100 µg/ml inhibit xanthine oxidase at 25.13, 25.81 and 32.25 % respectively and allopurinol at 10 µg/ml gave 49.53 % inhibition. Uricosuric effect tests showed that the ethanol extract had the uricosuric effect at a dose of 40 mg/kg bw, the fraction of water at 75 mg/kg bw, while the fraction of ethyl acetate at 6.25 mg/kg bw indicated by amount of urinary uric acid that was iv significantly different from the control group (p <0.05). Acute and subchronic toxicity test results showed that the ethanol extract of roselle calyx was safe to be consummed, because it did not cause death and give symptoms of toxicity. The result of mechanism study showed that the extract and fractions of roselle calyx had two mechanisms, but the effect of uricosuric was more powerful than the uricostatic. The results of isolation of the ethyl acetate fraction of roselle calyx using Sephadex LH -20 produced two isolates where both were thought to have a role in antihyperuricemia activity. In vitro tests demonstrated that the isolates inhibited xanthine oxidase and the ability of xanthine oxidase inhibitory were relatively good compared to the fraction by which at 50 ppm isolate A gave 36.01% and isolat B (100 ppm) at 34.07 % respectively with IC50 isolate A 118.3 and isolate B 143.45 µg/ml. Identification of two isolates were based on the UV, NMR, FTIR spectrophotometry analysis and showed that the first isolate was suggested as :5- (1-hydroxyethyl)-4methyldecahydro-2H.5H [1.6] dioxa cyclotridecino [9.10-h] chromene-8,10.13.15(3H,6H)-tetraone while the second isolate is supposed to be 3-ethyl-4hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde