DIVERSITY AND THE ROLE OF COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio L.) INTESTINAL BACTERIA IN IMPROVING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND CONTROL OF FISH DISEASES

• Main Author: Mulyani, Yuniar
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/35391
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most important fish species that is a protein for Indonesians. Intensively cultivated carp have an impact on fish. The organs are an important part of the health status of the fish, because in the digestive organs, especially in the intestines found among many microbes that are interconnected among themselves, and also interact with their host. Thus, negative things will be imposed for fish health, but can also be done positively and responsibly for immunization. Campaign of the commensal bacteria in stimulating the immune system to date there are still many things that can not be identified in detail. The study was conducted to determine the diversity of intestinal bacteria and to search for immunostimulant potential in carp based on antagonist colonic bacterial bacteria. The results of this study are expected to find or run the types of bacteria that can be used as immunostimulants that can be used to combat diseases in goldfish are effective and environmentally friendly and will impact on increasing the production of carp in Indonesia. The study was conducted in three stages: (1) Evaluating the diversity of metagenome intestinal carp bacteria based on DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) and NGS (Next Generation Sequencing). Studying cultured intestinal bacterial diversity and bacterial isolate (2) Identifying and selecting potential intestinal bacteria as immunostimulants based on their pathogenicity and antagonistic properties, (3) Evaluating the application of intestinal bacteria as immunostimulants to increased immune response of carp infected by Aeromonas. The results of the Phase I: There is a difference of community structure and bacterial diversity in three parts of intestine carp taken from intensive cultivation site (Cirata Reservoir) and traditional pond (Ibun, Majalaya), which is depicted from OTU pattern resulted from DGGE analysis. Obtained abundance and bacterial taxa from metagenome analysis results with NGS. Phylum Fusobacteria has the highest abundance (45,30%) occurs with Bacteroidetes (27,28%), Firmicutes (16,85%) and Proteobacteria (6,42%). Pure bacterial cultures obtained iv from 30 pure bacterial isolates from the Cirata goldfish intestine, consisting of Phylum Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Most of them belong to the Bacillus Genus, and there are two groups of Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactococcus and Enterococcus). Result of the Phase II: From 30 isolates of cultured intestinal bacteria, 20 non-pathogenic isolates were obtained and 10 isolates of pathogenic bacteria to the test fish. The results of the antagonism test show that not all cultured bacterial samples have antagonistic activity against bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Some bacteria that produce clear zones in antagonistic tests have varying inhibitory power. All clear zones formed in inhibition of Aeromonas are included in the strong inhibitory, ranging from 6.6 to 12.6 mm. The clear zone formed in Vibrio inhibition is included in moderate to strong inhibition, ranging from 3.4 to 11.6 mm. The clear zone formed in Staphylococcus inhibition is included in the weak to moderate inhibition, ranging from 1.2 to 4.2 mm. Results of the Phase III: The survival of the Carp fish tested against Aeromonas showed a markedly different increase in the carp given selected intestinal bacteria (Bacillus and Enterococcus) with controls. The best intestinal bacteria for Aeromonas control is Bacillus subtilis (SR 73%). The observed immune response of Mas fish from the blood image of the fish also increased. Generally from the results of this study it can be concluded that metagenome diversity has been evaluated (DGGE and NGS) and by culture approach, identified and selected bacteria present in colon carcus and intestinal bacteria potential as immunostimulant based on pathogenicity and antagonistic properties. Application of intestinal bacteria as immunostimulant to increase the immune response of carp that infected Aeromonas has also been evaluated its effectiveness.