PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE OF CIPROFLOXACIN IN LAYER CHICKEN AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF WATER SOLUBLE POWDER

• Main Author: Irawan, Bambang
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45884
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial with broad spectrum activity, that is effective against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria and Mycoplasma. In Indonesian poultry industry, ciprofloxacin has been used as an anti-infection agent in broiler and layer chickens since 2002. Until late 2007, 15 products containing ciprofloxacin have been registered in Department of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia. Most of the products are water soluble powder and suspension. Those dosage forms are administered by diluting it into drinking water, producing a final concentration of 50 mg/L ciprofloxacin, which is then given to chickens as mass treatment. For certain diseases, oral drop administration is also possible by using a more concentrated solution. Both routes above, especially drinking water treatment, is the most widely used route in chickens with large populations. The success of this treatment depends on the amount of drug that can be absorbed by chicken to produce therapeutic concentration in the plasma and tissue. Objective of this research is to determine the drug concentration in the plasma versus time after oral drop and drinking water administrations in layer chickens. The experiment was conducted in 4 steps : characterization of materials including ciprofoxacin HCl and Hy-line ? layer chickens; development and validation of analytical method; pharmacokinetic test; and data analysis. Analytical method used was high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with 25 mM phosphoric acid : acetonitrile (80:20) as mobile phase, C18 column, UV detecting at wavelength of 270 nm, flow rate of 1.2 ml/minute and injection volume of 100 ?l. Validation was conducted by determination of percentage of recovery, precision, liniarity, and selectivity. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted by administration of ciprofloxacin solution through intravenous injection and oral drop using cross over method with dose of 10 mg/kg b.w to determine pharmacokinetic profile and ratio of Cmax/MIC90 of the indicated bacteria. The second pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted by administration of drinking water solution containing ciprofloxacin of 50 mg/L for 3 consecutive days to determine plasma concentration at 3, 6, and 9 hours after administration. Ratio of C/MIC90 of the indicated iv bacteria is then determined. All pharmacokinetic tests are performed using Hy-line layer chickens with age of 43-45 weeks and weight between 1500-1900 grams, reared in individual cages. Pharmacokinetic data was analyzed using Farmakomatic 1.0 software to determine compartment model, elimination half life, area under the curve, maximum concentration, time to reach maximum concentration and absolute bioavailability. Material characterization showed that ciprofoxacin HCl and the Hy-line ? layer chickens have complied to specification. Analytical method is valid with validation parameter results are as follows : % recovery 82.43%, precision 3.7%, linear at 0.1-15 ?g/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9867. Ciprofloxacin has ben selectively separated from matrix at retention time of 3.8 minutes. Administration of ciprofloxacin using oral drop at dose of 10 mg/kg bw and drinking water route with concentration of 50 mg/L, results in effective theraputic concentration in layer chickens with oral drop Cmax/MIC90 ratio of 104 and drinking water Cp/MIC90 ratio of 45-50 times. Absolute bioavailability of ciprofloxacin administered by oral drop route is 58.49%.