SYNTHESIS REVERSE ESTER THERMAL STABILIZER FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FROM UNSATURATED FRACTION OF PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE

• Main Author: Azharuddin, Adli
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/46345
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of palm oil’s refining process. The PFAD can be used as a raw material for thermal stabilizers of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) because it contains a lot of free fatty acids. In industrial production, they usually used tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) as a raw material. PFAD can be considered as a potential alternative, because PFAD has cheaper than TOFA and due to environmental issues, TOFA production is decreasing. However, PFAD contains a significant amount of saturated fatty acids (51%), which cause thermal stabilizers produced are easily cloudy, especially when stored under cold conditions, and became less preferred. Stabilizers with titers below 10oC can be guaranteed as stabilizers that can maintain their clear liquid phase. The objective of this research is to obtain PVC thermal stabilizers with titers under 10oC from unsaturated fractions of PFAD having specifications and stabilization effects that meet market needs. The research was carried out in three stages, i.e. synthesis of stabilizers from palmitate-oleic acid mixtures, fractionation of PFAD by urea complexation method, and synthesis of stabilizers from unsaturated fractions of PFAD. It showed that stabilizer with 10oC titer can be obtained from the fatty acid mixture with minimum iodine number of 75-80 g I2/100g. The unsaturated fatty acid fraction could be obtained by the urea complexation method using a saturated urea-methanol solution at temperature 35oC and urea/PFAD ratio of 2.0. The synthesized stabilizer from that PFAD fraction had titer below 10oC and also had a clear appearance when stored at that temperature. The stabilizer from unsaturated fractions of PFAD has been tested for its quality and efficacy. The stabilizer had a sulfur content of 8.8 ± 0.1%; a titer of 8.4 ± 0.4oC; a red congo time of 33.0 ± 1.1 minutes; and it was not sticky when rolled at 190oC for one hours.