KAJIAN PUSTAKA STRATEGI PENGHANTARAN MAKROMOLEKUL (DSRNA, ZFN, DAN PEPTIDA) PADA TERAPI PENYAKIT MALARIA AKIBAT PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM
It has been more than 100 years since malaria was discovered until now the disease is still one of the major global problems in the health sector. The disease, which has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, is caused by infection with the deadliest parasite Plasmodium, namely Plasmodium falci...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/56654 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | It has been more than 100 years since malaria was discovered until now the disease is still one of the
major global problems in the health sector. The disease, which has claimed hundreds of thousands of
lives, is caused by infection with the deadliest parasite Plasmodium, namely Plasmodium falciparum. Less
specific drug targeting and the development of drug resistance have led to the failure of malaria therapy.
Therefore, new therapeutic agents and drug delivery strategies are needed that are more specific and
potent so that they can eliminate parasites effectively. With advances in technology in the field of
bioinformatics, the experts conducted several tests on P. falciparum at the gene level with high specificity
in the form of gene silencing. In this literature study, several macromolecules were examined including
double-stranded Ribonucleic Acid (dsRNA), Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN), and peptides which have the
potential as antimalarial agents and their delivery system to P. falciparum cells. Literature searches are
carried out through search engines on the Pubmed and Google Scholar websites. The results of literature
search showed that the three groups of macromolecules had growth inhibiting activity in P. falciparum.
dsRNA utilizes gene silencing without Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) modification while ZFN implements
gene silencing with DNA modification which is also called gene editing. There are two factors that need to
be considered in designing a macromolecule delivery system, namely extracellular factors and
intracellular factors. The mechanism of internalization of the therapeutic agent into parasitic cells can
occur by passive diffusion and endocytosis. The ideal intrinsic properties for therapeutic agents delivered
to P. falciparum cells by passive diffusion are high hydrophobicity, positive charge, and a molecular weight
of more than 1400 Da and a particle size of less than 80 nm. The components used successfully in
delivering macromolecule to P. falciparum are cationic polymers and a mixture of cationic lipids and
cationic peptides. The percentage of parasite growth inhibition is greater in the macromolecule with the
nanoparticle system than the free macromolecule. Research on the effective delivery of macromolecule
to P. falciparum is suggested for further development.
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