INDONESIAN SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAM: FROM COLLABORATIVE TO CO PRODUCTION

• Main Author: Adinafa, Moniq
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/57799
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Indonesia's slum upgrading experience for more than six decades shows that the universalization of planning theory has produced unsatisfactory results. The technical approach with dominant government-oriented intervention in slum upgrading used in the 70s proved ineffective and was soon replaced with an advocacy approach. Later evaluations showed that limited community involvement appeared to be a weakness of advocacy, resulting in low community motivation in maintaining infrastructure. Learning from this experience, the attention of policymakers began to shift to a community-based development approach. Unfortunately, the community-based development approach has not yielded maximum results. One of the reasons was that the community organizations need strong support from the government to become self-reliant. Learning from this experience, collaborative planning theory that has been a guide in the planning world since the 1980s is defined more broadly according to local contexts and issues. Through KOTAKU – the latest national slum upgrading program- this thesis aims to see how the nuances of co-production emerge in a collaborative planning environment that is firmly entrenched in Indonesia. This thesis was conducted by utilizing the literature, policy documents and interviews with key stakeholders. Study results indicate that aspects of public organization, attitudes, culture, and incentives influence the government in shaping co-production, while society is influenced by characteristics, awareness, and social capital. By understanding how co-production appears in n slum upgrading, it is hoped to open an opportunity to scale up the co-production approach and apply it in other development programs and public service delivery policies.