RECOVERY OF LITHIUM CARBONATE FROM SPENT LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES USING HYDROMETALLURGY METHOD WITH CRYOGENIC TREATMENT

• Main Author: Cahyadi, Deni
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik (Rekayasa, enjinering dan kegiatan berkaitan)
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/62526
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Lithium carbonate is one of the important raw materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIB). The development of the portable electronic device and the shift from fossil fuel engines to electric vehicles in the automotive sector have had a huge impact on the global LIB needs. The increase in LIB production will encourage high demand for lithium as the main raw material and a large amount of battery waste. Recovery of lithium carbonate from used batteries can be a promising alternative solution to overcome the problem of raw material needs and LIB waste. The LIB recovery process is carried out through the following stages: disassembly, discharge, dismantling, pretreatment, leaching, and precipitation. The process of disassembling and dismantling was done manually with hand and power tools. The discharging process uses the immersion method with 5 % NaCl solution for 2 hours. The pretreatment was carried out by cooling the cathode sheet at a cryogenic temperature for 30 minutes. In the leaching process, the optimum conditions were obtained using 2 M HCl at 60-70 °C, with 150-250 rpm of stirring for 2 hours. The increase in efficiency with pretreatment at optimum leaching conditions is about 13 %. Separation of Li+ ion from other metals (Al, Mn, Ni, and Co) was carried out by precipitation at pH 6.5 and 11-12. The Li2CO3 precipitate was obtained by adding a saturated Na2CO3 solution to the raffinate solution at 50-60°C. The XRD result of the recovery Li2CO3 powder gave a diffraction pattern that was identical to the diffraction pattern of the commercial Li2CO3 product. The purity of the recovery Li2CO3 powder reached 97.10 %, calculated based on testing with ICP-OES compared to the commercial products. The recovery process carried out in this study uses abundant chemicals and is simple, so that it is expected to be a simple low-cost alternative method of LIB recycling.