ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN DAN KANDUNGAN ASAM GALAT PADA KULTUR JARINGAN PUCUK TANAMAN PISANG CAVENDISH (MUSA ACUMINATA) DALAM BIOREAKTOR KOLOM GELEMBUNG

• Main Author: Nurhayati, Nunung
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/63064
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata) is one of the most important commercial fruits in the world. The use of bubble column bioreactors for tissue culture of Cavendish banana shoots can be a solution for the production of high yielding seeds in large quantities in a short and disease-free manner. Bubble column bioreactor can optimize the growth and accumulation of potential gallic acid metabolites in banana plants due to the emission of gas with minimum shear stress. In this study, the average growth rate, presence of gallic acid, and antioxidant activity (IC50) on Cavendish banana shoot culture in a thin-layer culture (capacity 25 mL) and bubble column bioreactor (capacity 200 mL) with flow rate variations of 1 mL/s and 2 mL/s using Murashige & Skoog half-strength liquid medium and 0.5 ppm gibberellic acid will be analyzed. Extraction of Cavendish banana leaves and stems was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol as a solvent with a ratio of 1:10 (w/v). In the extract, qualitative tests of phenolic compounds with FeCl3 and thin layer chromatography as well as antioxidant properties were carried out with quantitative methods of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The average growth rate in the thin-layer culture was 0,01 ± 0,007 g/day and 0,03 ± 0,012 cm/day, while the bubble column bioreactor treatment with variations of 1 mL/s and 2 mL/s was 0,22 ± 0,001 g/day; 0,04 ± 0,009 cm/day and 0,21 ± 0,001 g/day; 0,03 ± 0,025 cm/day, respectively. Based on the results of the study, crude extracts of banana leaves and stems in all treatments showed positive results for the phenolic compound test, but the presence of gallic acid could not be detected clearly by thin layer chromatography. The IC50 values for the banana leaf and stem extract at a flow rate of 1 mL/s were 41,35 and 51,87 ?g/mL, respectively, at a flow rate of 2 mL/s were 79,54 and 104,94 ?g/mL, and at liquid systems were 360,64 and 139,50 ?g/mL. Therefore, it can be concluded that the bubble column bioreactor treatment is better than the thin-layer culture.