BIOMIMETIC HYDROLYSIS OF OIL & FAT

• Main Author: Ihsan Faridi, Hanief
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/63451
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Fatty acids are upstream products obtained from vegetable oils and are used as raw materials to produce biofuels and various ole°Chemical products. The competitiveness of vegetable-based industries against fossil-based industries will be stronger if fatty acids can be produced cheaply. The pr°Cess of hydrolysis of triglycerides (or fat splitting) which is commonly applied in industry today to produce fatty acids operates at high temperatures and pressures (? 250°C, 50 bar) so that fatty acid products are relatively expensive. The existence of fatty oil hydrolysis technology with mild conditions will be able to make fatty acids relatively cheap. Since lipase enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing oils under ambient conditions, a biomimetic hydrolysis technology, which imitates the action of enzymes or biological systems, will be able to produce cheap fatty acids. The literature shows that lipase enzymes are active in the catalytic triad of serine, histidine, and aspartate/glutamate residues. Careful observation and contemplation of the literature on the mechanism of lipolysis resulted in the conclusion that enzymatic hydrolysis consists of 2 stages, namely (a). transesterification of polyol esters (glycerol) into primary alcohol esters (serine terminal group) and (b). hydrolysis of primary alcohol esters of fatty acids. The aim of this research is to develop a technology for biomimetic hydrolysis of oils and fats with hypothesized catalyst candidates that function effectively in the FAME hydrolysis reaction, namely the combination of equimolar imidazole – formic acid and imidazole – glutamic acid (imidazole is a histidine end group compound). FAME hydrolysis with both catalyst candidates at a temperature of 100°C and at pH 4.5; 6; 8; and 9.5 did not produce significant fatty acids. An alternative reaction that can produce fatty acids under mild conditions (100°C, 1 bar) is an acetolysis reaction. The variation that produces the product with the highest fatty acid for the FAME substrate is catalyst concentration of 2%, reaction time of 6 hours with the product acid number of 189.0. The variation that produces the product with the highest fatty acid for palm oil substrate is catalyst concentration of 2%, reaction time of 4 hours with the product acid number of 146.7.