RESPONS PISANG CAVENDISH (MUSA ACUMINATA CAVENDISH AAA) YANG DIINDUKSI ELISITOR SILIKA DAN KITOSAN TERHADAP INFEKSI FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE TROPICAL RACE 4

• Main Author: Fitriannisa, Shinta
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/68955
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata Cavendish AAA) is fourth most important fruit commodity that produced and marketed in Indonesia. Fusarium wilt or Panama disease causes the biggest banana commodity damage in Indonesia. Elicitation is one of the means that can be done to increase plant defense. Silica and chitosan are reported to be the elicitor that could increase banana plant’s defense against Fusarium Wilt, nevertheless, further research should be done to compare and get the best concentration of those two elicitors. The purpose of this research is to compare the response of elicited Cavendish banana’s (either with silica or chitosan) against Foc TR4 infection. Silica was used as elicitor with the concentration of 30, 45 and 60 ppm, and chitosan with the concentration of 40, 60, and 80 ppm. Two controls were used in this research, namely negative control that was not treated with elicitor nor inoculated with Foc, and positive control that wasn’t given any elicitor but inoculated with Foc. Parameter measured in this research were disease severity index (DSI), leaf total chlorophyll content, root and rhizome protein content, root and rhizome phenolic content, and the activity of peroxidase enzyme (POD) and polyphenol oxidase enzyme (PPO) in root and rhizome. Root sample preparation for SEM analysis was done by freeze-fracturing the sample. The result showed that plants treated with silica (concentration of 30, 45, and 60 ppm, consecutively) showed leaf severity index (LSI) of 2,75; 3; and 2, and rhizome discoloration index of 2,75 at every concentration, therefore plants treated with silica was categorized as susceptible-tolerant. LSI score of chitosan treated plants (concentration of 40, 60, and 80 ppm) were consecutively 2,5; 2,5; and 2,25 and the RDI score were consecutively 3,75; 3,5; and 3,5, therefore chitosan treated plants was categorized as susceptible. Plants that were given 60 ppm of silica, 60 and 80 ppm of chitosan had more protein content compared to positive control. Furthermore, the addition of silica and chitosan could maintain the chlorophyll content, with silica showed more chlorophyll content compared to chitosan. Plants with 60 and 80 ppm of chitosan treatment had higher PPO enzyme activity compared to positive control and silica treatment, while plants with 60 ppm of silica had lower PPO enzyme activity compared to positive control. The POD enzyme activity of chitosan treatment plants was higher compared to silica treatment with significant increase toward positive control only on 80 ppm of chitosan treatment. Phenolic compound contents of plantlet treated with 80 ppm chitosan were higher compared to positive control and silica treatment, meanwhile plants with 60 ppm silica had lower phenolic content compared to positive control. Root image from SEM analysis showed that silica aggregates were detected around the area between root cortex and stele. SEM mapping also showed that silica was deposited more in epidermis layer in 60 ppm silica treatment with the amount of silica total mass in 60 ppm silica treatment was 2,7 times higher compared to silica total mass in control. Based on the result obtained, it can be concluded that silica treatment could increase Cavendish banana’s defense system physically and biochemically, meanwhile chitosan could only increase Cavendish banana’s defense biochemically.