ACCESSIBILITY FACTORS PERSPECTIVE IN ISLAND CITY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA, CASE STUDY: AMBON CITY-MALUKU PROVINCE

• Main Author: Nurhaeny, Andiah
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Perencanaan wilayah
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70140
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

In the last decade, island studies have focused on aspects of the limitations, isolation and marginality of island communities within the mainland. Recent studies on island cities are an analytical lens or research perspective that can be used to identify the diversity of islands, and encourage researchers in urban studies to recognize that some island characteristics also have an impact on the various functions of cities and population centers. Several researchers explain the influence of transportation infrastructure on the development of the island city. Through good transportation accessibility, it can support economic activities in the island city. But so far, no researcher has yet explained and calculated the relationship between accessibility and island city development. On the basis of this gap, this research was prepared with the basic hypothesis that "the performance of the transportation system affects the economic growth of the island city". This study is structured through 3 (three) stages. First, measuring the level of accessibility of several island ports around island cities through sea and air transportation. Second, assessing the influence of the level of accessibility of several island ports around the island city on the economic growth of the island city as a collection center for the distribution of the archipelago area. Third, in-depth exploration of the analysis results that have been obtained from the first and second stages. This study uses the paradigms of positivism and post-positivism, through a mixedmethod approach. The mixed-method approach was developed deductively for the first and second stage quantitative analysis, then inductively for the third stage qualitative analysis. The first stage of quantitative analysis method uses a gravity accessibility model and multiple linear regression analysis. The second stage of quantitative analysis method uses the Solow growth model, backward forecasting model and multiple linear regression analysis. The third stage of qualitative analysis method uses content analysis. Secondary data collection for the first and second stage quantitative analysis using the institutional survey method; while the primary data for the third phase of qualitative analysis used a semi-structured interview method.iv This study was conducted in Ambon City as the center of government and trade in Maluku Province. The results of the first phase of the research show that the factor 'ratio of passengers and goods to the population of each island' has a significant effect on the performance of the transportation system. This is due to the absence of several main services in the surrounding islands, so the island population must travel to be able to access the main services in the island city. The results of the second stage of research show that government spending factors have a significant effect on economic growth. This is because the productive sectors have not yet developed, as a result of limited industrial activities and investment. The results of the third stage of research indicate that the majority of respondents confirm the correctness of the results of the first and second stages of quantitative analysis. Hypothesis testing shows that the performance of the transportation system seems weak to affect economic growth. This finding appears to be different from other findings in the island city literature. Previous studies have explained that transportation infrastructure is an important factor supporting economic activity in the island city. However, most of them are undergoing a structural transformation from an economic base that is gradually shifting from agriculture to manufacturing, now moving towards a post-industrial society and a knowledge-based economy. The Ambon case is still stagnating, as a result of the undeveloped productive sectors. Another important finding in this research is that government spending seems to have a strong influence on economic growth. An increase in government spending coupled with an increase in private investment in productive sectors will be able to spur economic growth, which in turn can improve people's welfare. Therefore, improving the performance of the transportation system is urgently needed to increase productivity and/or reduce transportation costs and make island cities more attractive to investors. This study has developed the concept of an island city with an accessibility factor approach. Starting from an island city, explaining the unique characteristics of an island city, developing island cities, measuring and finding the possibility of accessibility from several islands around an island city to the economic growth of an island city as a collection center for the distribution of the archipelago. The results of the analysis are then reflected in the center-periphery model (CPM) location theory to see an overview of the economic development of island cities, which is something new in this study. Thus, this study contributes to the island city literature by exploring the effect of the level of accessibility on economic growth in the island city, thus enabling researchers to obtain the stages of island city economic development with the CPM approach.