ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY STUDY OF SEVERAL PLANTS AND THE MECHANISM ACTION OF ANTIOBESITY OF JAMBU BOL (SYZYGIUM MALACCENSE L. MERR. & PERRY) LEAVES

• Main Author: Qowiyyah, Atun
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/75023
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The increasing prevalence of obesity and its various complications can lead to death, especially at a young age. The main strategies managing obesity are diet, exercise, surgical procedures and pharmaceutical therapy. Therapy using anorectic drugs has mostly been banned due to serious side effects such as cardiovascular risk and even death, making orlistat and liraglutide, the only drug that can be used in Indonesia to treat obesity, especially long-term therapy. The limited pharmacological therapy to treat obesity is also the basis of this study. Five plant parts were selected, namely ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc.); koro benguk leaves (Mucuna pruriens); oyong fruit (Luffa acutangula); cinnamon stem bark (Cinnamomum burmani); and jambu bol leaves (Syzygium malaccense) based on empirical data as reduction of body weight and body fat, also activity as antihyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to find alternative obesity therapies from natural ingredients with minimum side effects and to examine the mechanism of action in vivo and in vitro. The study started with the extraction of simplisia powder and in vivo screening on test animals induced obesity with high carbohydrate food and MSG (Monosodium glutamate). Induction caused obesity conditions accompanied by steatosis conditions in the liver, an increase in Lee index and fat deposition in abdominal fat tissues, without causing an increase in blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. The best antiobesity effect was shown by ethanol extract of jambu bol leaves with a decrease relative to the sick control of 11.53%. Furthermore, fractionation of jambu bol leaf extract was carried out followed by antiobesity tests of ethanol extracts and fractions and studies of the mechanism of action of antiobesity in vivo. The ethyl acetate fraction of jambu bol leaves showed the best antiobesity effect with a decrease relative to the sick control of 13.76% and 20.21% after 14 and 21 days of therapy, respectively. The ethanol extract and various fractions could not reduce the Lee index, did not cause a decrease in appetite, did not cause a laxative effect, did not reduce glycogen/fat deposits in the liver and abdominal fat tissue, did not affect total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, leptin, and adiponectin levels. The study of the mechanism of action in vitro showed that ethanol extracts and various fractions of jambu bol leaves had good inhibitory activity against lipase enzymes, while against ?-amylase enzymes only ethanol extracts and ethylacetate fractions. The inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts and various fractions of jambu bol leaves against ?-glucosidase enzyme is quite low. The results of the antiobesity activity test in vivo correlated with the results of the in vitro test where the ethyl acetate fraction of jambu bol leaves showed the best antiobesity activity with high activity against ?-amylase and lipase enzyme inhibition. The isolation stage of active compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction guided by in vitro tests began by subfractionating with the KCV (Vacuum Liquid Chromatography) method against the ethyl acetate fraction and testing the inhibitory activity of lipase enzymes, ?-amylase enzymes, and ?-glucosidase to determine the best combined subfractions. The results showed that subfractions B and C were best at inhibiting ?-amylase enzyme while combined subfractions A, B, and F were good at inhibiting lipase enzyme activity. Subfraction B was selected to proceed to the subfraction purification stage with the KKK (Classic Column Chromatography) method, plus purification of subfraction with KKK and chromatotron to increase the number of isolates and obtained three isolates. Test of inhibitory activity of isolates against ?-amylase enzyme showed that isolate 1 has good ?-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity slightly lower than subfractions B and C, while against lipase enzyme its activity is better than subfractions B and C. Isolate 1 is thought to be responsible for the inhibitory activity of ?-amylase and lipase enzymes. The inhibitory activity against ?-amylase and lipase enzymes of isolates 2 and 3 is lower than isolate 1. Characterization of isolate 1 from subfractions B and C shows the color of isolate 1 is yellow. Infrared spectra showed the presence of -OH phenol, C=O carbonyl, C=C aromatic, C-O-C ether and C=C groups. Mass spectrometry gave data on the relative molecular mass of the isolate of 300 with the formula C16H12O6. MRI spectra showed flavonoid ring peculiarities at various chemical shear. Based on these data, it can be concluded that isolate 1 is a flavonoid compound with flavone skeleton named 4', 5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone. The information generated from this study is that the ethanol extract of jambu bol leaves have the potential as an antiobesity with the mechanism of action in inhibiting of ?-amylase and lipase enzyme activity. The ethyl acetate fraction became the selected fraction that can be developed to help antiobesity therapy. Isolate 1 from the ethyl acetate fraction has potential as an antiobesity with the mechanism of action by inhibiting lipase and ?-amylase enzyme.