ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ONIONS TIWAI EXTRACT ({ELEUTHERINE PALMIFOLIA (L.) MERR) WITH AGAR DIFFUSION METHODE AND TOXICITY TEST OF ONIONS TIWAI EXTRACT TO ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) AS CANDIDATE OF NATURAL FOOD PRESERVATIVE

• Main Author: Tri Kusuma Pratita, Anindita
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/78950
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Onion tiwai (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr). contains compound that act as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic. Onions tiwai is reported to be potential as food preservative against pathogenic bacteria and food spoilage organisms. However, research reported that long term consumption of onions tiwai will cause fibrosis, inflammatory and necrosis on the liver mice. This research was intended to determine antimicrobial activity and toxicity of onions tiwai bulb extract and fractions by using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo which have similarities to mammals in terms of fertility, morphology and physiology. Extract and fractions were tested their microbial activities by using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Ethanol extract exhibited week antimicrobial activity against S. Aureus, n-hexan fraction middle antimicrobial activity against S. Aureus and weak antimicrobial activity against C. Albicans, and ethyl acetate fraction weak antimicrobial activity against S Aureus. Ethanol extract produced inhibition zone by against S. aureus and E. coli by 14,5±0,07 mm and mm. Ethyl acetate fraction produced inhibition zone against S. aureus by 14,2±0,01 mm and n-hexane fraction produced inhibition zone against all microbe tested by 17,7±0,39 mm against S. aureus, by 6.1 mm against E. coli and by 14,4±0,44 mm against C. albicans. Ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoid and n-hexane fractions contained quinones and phenol. Both extract and fractions were tested their toxicities using zebrafish embryo. Extract and fractions tested were classified as toxic. Toxicity test on zebrafish embryos of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction revealed LC50 of 5.59 mg/L and 3.91 mg/L within 96 hours, while n-hexane fraction showed the lowest LC50 of 3.17 mg/L within 48 hours.