LONG-TERM TOXICITY STUDY OF TAMARIND PULP ({TAMARINDUS INDICA L.) WATER EXTRACT AND ITS FORMULATION

• Main Author: Iskandar, Irene
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/78971
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) grows in tropical countries and widely used as a traditional medicine. Research shows that tamarind pulp water extract has an antiobesity effect in high fat induced rats and high carbohydrate induced rats. Using tamarind pulp water extract as a traditional medicine, the safety of tamarind pulp water extract needs to be determined. The objective of this research was evaluating the safety of long-term administration of Tamarind pulp water extract and developing tamarind pulp water extract powder formula. Tamarind pulp was extracted with hot water by reflux apparatus followed by freeze-drying to obtain dry extract. Wistar rats, 120 males and 120 females, were divided into six groups, 20 animals for each sex per groups. Control group and satellite control group received CMC-Na 0.5% 1 mL/100gram bw per day. Treatment groups received tamarind pulp water extract 75 mg/kg bw per day, 200 mg/kg bw per day, 1000 mg/kg bw per day or 1000 mg/kg bw per day for six months. The last group served as satellite group. After 6 months, control groups, and treatment group were sacrificed. Satellite groups were sacrificed 1 month later. Organ index, hematology clinical biochemistry profiles, urine pH, urine density, and histopathology of lung, heart, liver, kidney and spleen were determined. Formulåtion of powder containing tamarind pulp water extract were conducted by adding gummy arabic and Syloid@ as drying agent followed by spray drying. Extract was dried in oven to reduce water content. Powder extract was formulated by adding talk as a glidant, sucralose as a sweetener, benzoic acid as a preservatives and mannitol as filler. Formulated powder extract was packed with aluminium foil. Moisture content, bulk density, bacterial total plate count, fungi and mold total plate count, and storage stability of dry extract were evaluated for one month. Moisture content, bulk density, and storage stability of formulated extract were evaluated for one month. There are no significant changes in body weight profile on male and female rats. Body weight of male rats in satellite 1000 mg/kg bw group are significantly increased (p<0.05) in week 30 compared to satellite control group (440.70±38.90g vs 410.25±54.68g). There are no significant change in hematological parameter of male and female rats such as red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC, MCV, hematocrit, and platelet. There are no significant change in organ index of liver index, lung index, heart index, adrenal index, seminal vesicle index, testis index, uterus index, and ovaries index of male and female rats. Compared to the control group, spleen index of female rats of 200 mg/kg bw group is reduced (p<0.05) (0.21±0.03% vs 0.24±0.06%) and kidney index of male rats of 1000 mg/kg bw group is significantly increased (p<0.05) vs 0,63±0,05%). There are no significant changes in blood biochemical profile of tested group compared to the control group. There are no significant change in urine density and pH of male and female rats compared to the control group. Tamarind pulp water extract dried with freeze dryer had greater variance in bulk density parameter than tamarind pulp water extract dried with spray dryer (41.87% vs 9.56%). This study showed that long term use of tamarind pulp water extract were generally save and well tolerated at the tested doses. Tamarind pulp water extract preparation contains 28% tamarind pulp water extract, 32.76% gum arabic, 11.2% Syloid@244 FP, 0.1% sucralose, 0.1% benzoic acid, dan mannitol.