KAJIAN IN SILICO DEGRADASI, REAKTIVITAS, DAN TOKSISITASBEBERAPA KONTAMINAN KIMIAWI MAKANAN DAN PRODUK DEGRADASINYA

• Main Author: Aprina Basuki, Sovia
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/79058
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

From point view of risk analysis, exposure to chemical contaminants may present in food is a potential risk to our health. Due to their chemical reactivities, these contaminants may show toxicities properties, including carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. The acrylamide, as well as chloropropanol and N-nitrosamine derivatives are among the contaminants commonly present in the food due to processing. A major source of uncertainly when assessing the human health and environmental risks of chemicals is the paucity of experimental information on the metabolic and degradation pathways of parent compounds and the toxicological properties of their metabolites and degradation products. Taking into account animal welfare and cost-effectiveness consideration, alternative (non-animal) methods such as in silico models are needed. The aim of this research was to obtain the possible degradation pathway of some chemical contaminants commonly formed during food processing, physico-chemical properties of those compounds and their possible degradation products suitable for descfibing their reactivities, as well as their toxicities. In addition functional groups or moieties responsible for those reactivities and/or toxicities will be identified. Degradation reactions of acrylamide, chloropropanol derivatives (3monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol (1,3-DCP)), and N-nitrosamine derivatives (N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodipropylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, and N-nitrosopyrrolidine) were predicted using the CRAFT I Explorer software. Reactivities of these compounds can be described by the descriptors derived from the CRAFT and MOE softwares. Toxicities of the parent compounds and their degradation products were predicted using the Toxtree software. Some compounds belong to group 3 of IARC4 classification were applied as negative control. No positive control was necessary since all those chemical contaminants were either group 2A or 2B of the IARC classification. The results showed that the common degradation reactions of all compounds were oxidation, encompassing formation of aldehydes, epoNidation, and hydroxylation. Partial total charge descriptor obtained from CRAFT -software and gap of HOM07-LUM0 obtained from MOE software were suitable for describing I Chemical Reactivity and Fate Tool their reactivities. Lipinski's Rules of five descriptors values state that either parent compounds or all degradation products would be well absorbed into systemic circulation and hence have a potential to cause systemic toxicities. All compounds, including acrylamide, chloropropanol derivates, N-nitrosamines derivates and their degradation products were both genotoxic carcinogenic and mutagenic, while isopropyl alcohol, phenol, and xylene as negative control, showed neither genotoxic carcinogenic nor mutagenic effects. In the case of acrylamide and its degradation product, the ct,ß unsaturated double bonds formed vinylogic carbonyl group of acrylamide and the epoxide group of glycidamide were responsible for those toxicities. The mctional groups that contribute to reactivities and hence toxicities of the chloropropanol derivates and their degradation products were at least one of the following groups: aliphatic halogen, aldehydes, and epoxides. N-nitroso and/or aldehyde groups were responsible for the toxicities of the N-nitrosamine derivates and their degradation products.