SYNTHESIS OF 3-MONOCHLOROPROPANE-1.2-DIOL FROM GLYCEROL AS A COMPARATIVE STANDARD FOR CONTAMINANT ANALYSIS OF PALM OIL

• Main Author: Maulana, Arif
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/83009
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Indonesia is the largest producer of crude palm oil in the world. Crude palm oil is widely used in food industry. This commodity opens up opportunities for Indonesia to export palm oil to various other countries. However, currently the European Union has set regulations regarding the limit for the content of 3-monochloropropane-1.2-diol ester (3-MCPDE) in palm oil as a food ingredient at 2.5 ?g/kg of palm oil. 3-MCPDE is a food contaminant that is formed during process of refining palm oil at the deodorization stage. Therefore, it is necessary to control the levels of these contaminants during palm oil refining process. Contamination levels in palm oil can be monitored by using known standard of contaminant compound. This research aims to synthesize 3-monochloropropane-1.2-diol (3-MCPD) as a comparative standard for analyzing contaminant levels in palm oil. The synthesis stages of 3-MCPD begin with the formation of acetal from the reaction of glycerol and benzaldehyde which produce two isomers of 2-phenyl-1.3-dioxolan-4-methanol and 2-phenyl-1.3-dioxane-5-ol. Each of these compounds is reacted with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) to obtain chlorinated dioxolan and dioxane compounds. Hydrolysis of acetal in dioxolan and dioxane compounds will produce 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD, respectively. The pure compound obtained from the synthesis is characterized through structural analysis using data of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. Two isomeric compounds 2-phenyl-1.3-dioxolan-4-methanol and 2-phenyl-1.3-dioxan-5-ol were obtained in the form of pale yellow liquid and a white solid with a percent yield 13.67% and 5.59% respectively. The 3-MCPD compound was obtained in the form of pale yellow liquid with a percent yield 7.54%.