FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOEMULSION COMBINING NIACINAMIDE AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
The interest of Indonesian people in skincare, particularly for aging issues, has increased recently. The compounds commonly found in skincare products was niacinamide and alpha-tocopherol. Niacinamide was able to prevent the transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes and increase the production of...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86317 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | The interest of Indonesian people in skincare, particularly for aging issues, has increased recently.
The compounds commonly found in skincare products was niacinamide and alpha-tocopherol.
Niacinamide was able to prevent the transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes and increase the
production of collagen and ceramides in the skin, while alpha-tocopherol was an antioxidant that
prevented lipid peroxidation. The primary challenge in using niacinamide was its hydrophilic nature,
which required a special formulation to penetrate the basal layer of the epidermis. This study aimed
to develop a nanoemulsion formulation containing a combination of niacinamide and alphatocopherol. The obtained nanoemulsion was characterized and tested for its stability.
Nanoemulsion formulations were chosen to facilitate the penetration of active ingredients due to
their small size (50–200 nm) and their kinetic stability. The research process included determining
niacinamide solubility-enhancing excipients in the oil phase, optimizing the formula, characterizing
the emulsion type, pH, viscosity, globule size, homogeneity, zeta potential, as well as antioxidant
activity testing using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and stability testing. The developed
nanoemulsion formula contained 5% (w/v) niacinamide, 1% (w/v) alpha-tocopherol; 1% (w/v) oleic
acid; 3.5% (w/v) Tween 80®; 2.5% (w/v) propylene glycol; 4% (w/v) caprylic triglyceride, and distilled
water. The characterization results showed an oil-in-water emulsion type with a pH of 5,52 ± 0,02
and a viscosity of 1,428 cps. The obtained nanoemulsion globule size was 115,87 ± 2,19 nm with a
polydispersity index of 0,296 ± 0,02, and a zeta potential of -18,65 ± 0,9 mV. The nanoemulsion
exhibited antioxidant activity with an inhibition percentage of 68.02 ± 0.63% and was stable under
high-temperature storage (40°C) but unstable in freeze-thaw stability testing.
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