FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOEMULSION COMBINING NIACINAMIDE AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL

• Main Author: Afra Atsani, Jasmine
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/86317
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The interest of Indonesian people in skincare, particularly for aging issues, has increased recently. The compounds commonly found in skincare products was niacinamide and alpha-tocopherol. Niacinamide was able to prevent the transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes and increase the production of collagen and ceramides in the skin, while alpha-tocopherol was an antioxidant that prevented lipid peroxidation. The primary challenge in using niacinamide was its hydrophilic nature, which required a special formulation to penetrate the basal layer of the epidermis. This study aimed to develop a nanoemulsion formulation containing a combination of niacinamide and alphatocopherol. The obtained nanoemulsion was characterized and tested for its stability. Nanoemulsion formulations were chosen to facilitate the penetration of active ingredients due to their small size (50–200 nm) and their kinetic stability. The research process included determining niacinamide solubility-enhancing excipients in the oil phase, optimizing the formula, characterizing the emulsion type, pH, viscosity, globule size, homogeneity, zeta potential, as well as antioxidant activity testing using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and stability testing. The developed nanoemulsion formula contained 5% (w/v) niacinamide, 1% (w/v) alpha-tocopherol; 1% (w/v) oleic acid; 3.5% (w/v) Tween 80®; 2.5% (w/v) propylene glycol; 4% (w/v) caprylic triglyceride, and distilled water. The characterization results showed an oil-in-water emulsion type with a pH of 5,52 ± 0,02 and a viscosity of 1,428 cps. The obtained nanoemulsion globule size was 115,87 ± 2,19 nm with a polydispersity index of 0,296 ± 0,02, and a zeta potential of -18,65 ± 0,9 mV. The nanoemulsion exhibited antioxidant activity with an inhibition percentage of 68.02 ± 0.63% and was stable under high-temperature storage (40°C) but unstable in freeze-thaw stability testing.