DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC EMISSION FACTORS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS AND GREENHOUSE GAS IN COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS IN INDONESIA

• Main Author: Utama Prakarsa, Widya
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/87023
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Awareness of the importance of emission inventories and emission reduction efforts has increased globally, including in Indonesia. Emission factors (EF) represent the relationship between the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere and the activities causing their release. Specific emission factors, calculated based on particular facilities, are essential for supporting more accurate emission calculations, especially in industrial sectors like coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). This study aims to develop specific emission factors for air pollutants (SO2, NOx, particulates) and greenhouse gas (CO2) based on the characteristics of coal-fired power plants in Indonesia. Air pollutant emission data were obtained from 10 power plant units utilizing continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS), while coal quality data for calculating CO2 EF were sourced from 153 power plant units. The results show that the SO2 EF for units equipped with emission control devices (controlled) and those without (uncontrolled) are 1,33 g/kg and 1,64 g/kg, respectively. The NOx EF was found to be 1,64 g/kg. For particulates, an EF of 0,09 g/kg was observed in power plants with particulate emission control devices coupled with flue gas desulfurization (FGD), whereas units using only particulate emission control without FGD showed an EF of up to 0,45 g/kg. Analysis indicates that SO2 and particulate emissions are influenced by the type of technology and the age of the power plant, while NOx emissions are more affected by coal combustion conditions. For CO2, the EF values are expressed in three different units: 100,76 ton/TJ, 1,41 ton/MWh, and 1.644,49 g/kg. Statistical tests reveal that age does not significantly affect CO2 EF in any unit, but technology type influences the EF values in ton/MWh and g/kg. Uncertainty analysis yielded uncertainty levels of 5,25%, 3,49%, and 5,74% for SO2, NOx, and particulates, respectively. For CO2, the EF uncertainties in ton/TJ, ton/MWh, and g/kg were 9,28%, 4,85%, and 2,75%, respectively. The relatively higher uncertainty in ton/TJ compared to other countries may be attributed to variations in the measurement and reporting of coal quality, such as net calorific value and carbon content.