DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROTHERMAL TECHNOLOGY FOR GELATIN AND FISH OIL PRODUCTION FROM INDONESIAN FRESHWATER FISH

• Main Author: Adnan, Saepul
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/87770
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

This research focuses on the development of hydrothermal technology to produce gelatin and fish oil from Indonesian freshwater fish by-products, namely patin fish, catfish, and tilapia. The background of this research is the need for halal gelatin in Indonesia, where 50% of imported gelatin comes from non-halal materials. With a hydrothermal technology approach, this research aims to create high-quality gelatin products that are halal, environmentally friendly, and efficient, and utilize waste from the fish processing industry. This research was conducted in four stages: (1) initial evaluation of the hydrothermal method for the production of gelatin and fish oil, (2) optimization of hydrothermal process parameters, (3) formulation and characterization of hard capsule shells from patin fish gelatin, and (4) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis and techno-economic studies. The hydrothermal method uses a temperature of 110-130°C to hydrolyze collagen into gelatin while extracting fish oil, without the need for hazardous chemicals. The results showed that patin fish gelatin has a gel strength of up to 254.85 bloom, approaching the standard for mammalian gelatin. The resulting fish oil is rich in omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids, adding value to this by-product. The development of a hard capsule shell based on stiped catfish gelatin resulted in a product that meets pharmaceutical standards, with a disintegration time of less than 15 minutes and stable physical properties. LCA analysis showed that the hydrothermal method has a lower environmental impact than conventional methods, with reduced greenhouse gas emissions and chemical waste. From an economic perspective, this technology increases the added value of fish waste and supports the concept of a circular economy. The novelty of this research lies in the use of hydrothermal technology for the simultaneous production of gelatin and fish oil, the formulation of halal hard capsules from catfish gelatin, and the utilization of co-stream extraction waste as raw material for processed products rich in protein and calcium. This technology not only supports the production of halal gelatin in Indonesia but also provides a sustainable solution to fish waste management. The results of this research contribute to the development of science in the fields of food and pharmaceutical technology as well as sustainable local resource-based industries.