Manajemen Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Pekerjaan Erection Girder Di Proyek Tol Ciawi-Sukabumi Seksi 2

Erection girder is a complex job with deadlines and involve interaction between workers and heavy equipment for bridge construction by placing and joining girders along the abutments. Work that involves heavy equipment and lifting process is the one of the most factors causing work-related fatality...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nadia Nur Amalina, -
Format: Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed
Language:Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Published: 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/1/1.%20HALAMAN%20JUDUL.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/2/2.%20ABSTRACT.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/3/3.%20DAFTAR%20ISI.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/4/4.%20BAB%20I%20PENDAHULUAN.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/5/5.%20BAB%20II%20TINJAUAN%20PUSTAKA.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/15/6.%20BAB%20III%20KERANGKA%20KONSEPTUAL%20PENELITIAN.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/12/7.%20BAB%20IV%20METODE%20PENELITIAN.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/14/8.%20BAB%20V%20HASIL%20PENELITIAN.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/11/9.%20BAB%20VI%20PEMBAHASAN.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/16/10.%20BAB%20VII%20KESIMPULAN%20DAN%20SARAN.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/17/11.%20DAFTAR%20PUSTAKA.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/18/12.%20LAMPIRAN.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/13/13.%20PERNYATAAN%20KESEDIAAN%20PUBLIKASI.pdf
http://repository.unair.ac.id/108818/
http://lib.unair.ac.id
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Institution: Universitas Airlangga
Language: Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Indonesian
Description
Summary:Erection girder is a complex job with deadlines and involve interaction between workers and heavy equipment for bridge construction by placing and joining girders along the abutments. Work that involves heavy equipment and lifting process is the one of the most factors causing work-related fatality in construction sector. The implementation of risk management needs to be done to identify and manage risks as early as possible to fulfill the worker's rights to safety and health. The study aimed to evaluate occupational safety and health risk management during erection girder at Ciawi - Sukabumi section 2 Toll Road Project. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional research design which was conducted from July 2020 to September 2020. The population of this study was 29 people with a total population sampling method. The variables analyzed in this study were hazard identification, risk assessment, risk evaluation, control assessment, and residual risk. The results of this study indicated that there were 64 potential hazards with 47% high risk, 37% medium risk, and 16% low risk. Based on the ALARP concept, high and medium risks must be controlled to become acceptable risk. Risk control that has been implemented was administration and personal protective equipment. After control, it was found the remaining risk was 7% high risk, 63% medium risk, and 30% low risk. The conclusion of this study was the implementation of risk management for work accidents during erection girder at Ciawi - Sukabumi section 2 Toll Road Project still left residual risk that need to be lowered to acceptable risk. The recommendations are to carry out risk management by involving representative workers, doing review periodically, supervise and impose sanctions for workers who didn’t use personal protective equipment properly. 1. Abas, Ta'at, Hasmori, Abdullah, Nagapan, Deraman, Ghing. and Hardono. (2018) ‘Noise Assessment at Construction Site which Uses IBS Formwork System’, Asian Journal of Technical Vocational Education and Training, 4(3): pp. 33–41. Tersedia di: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326922167_Noise_Assessment_a t_Construction_Site_which_Uses_IBS_Formwork_System [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021] 2. Abinaya Ishwarya, G. K. and Rajkumar, D. (2020) ‘Analysis of Ergonomic Risk Factors in Construction Industry’, Materials Today: Proceedings, 1(1), pp. 1–4. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214785320361393 [diakses pada 15 November 2020] 3. Abukhashabah, E., Summan, A. and Balkhyour, M. (2020) ‘Occupational Accidents and Injuries in Construction Industry in Jeddah City’, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(8), pp. 1993–1998. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X20302734 [diakses pada 3 November 2020] 4. Albrechtsen, E., Solberg, I. and Svensli, E. (2019) ‘The Application and Benefits of Job Safety Analysis’, Safety Science, 113(2019), pp. 425–437. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925753518316874 [diakses pada 2 Oktober 2020]. 5. Alghadir, A. and Anwer, S. (2015) ‘Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Construction Workers in Saudi Arabia’, The Scientific World Journal, 25(2), pp. 1–6. Tersedia di: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274093362_Prevalence_of_Musc uloskeletal_Pain_in_Construction_Workers_in_Saudi_Arabia [diakses pada 3 November 2020]. 6. Annisa, R., Manullang, H. F. and Simanjuntak, Y. O. (2020) ‘Determinan Kepatuhan Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) pada Pekerja PT. X Proyek Pembangunan Tahun 2019’, Jurnal Penelitian Kesmas, 2(2), pp. 25–39. Tersedia di: http://ejournal.delihusada.ac. id/index.php/JPKSY/article/view/248/135 [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 7. Antonini, J. M. (2014) Health Effects Associated with Welding, Comprehensive Materials Processing. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080965321008074 [diakses pada 5 November 2020]. 8. Arcon Construction (2014) Cebex 100 Safety Data Sheet. Tersedia di: https://www.arconsupplies.co.uk/uploads/pdfs/cebex-100-sds.pdf [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 9. Arifin, S. (2019) Talking Safety & Health Bunga Rampai Artikel Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3). Sleman: Deepublish. 10. Australian and New Zealand Standard (2004) Risk Management Guideline Companion to AS/NZS 4360:2004. Sydney. 11. Aven, T. (2016) ‘Risk Assessment and Risk Management: Review of Recent Advances on Their Foundation’, European Journal of Operational Research, 253(1), pp. 1–13. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221715011479 [diakses pada 3 Oktober 2020]. 12. Azady, A. A. A., Widowati, E. and Rahayu, S. R. (2018) ‘Penggunaan Job Hazard Analysis dalam Identifikasi Risiko Keselamatan Kerja pada Pengrajin Logam’, HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 2(4), pp. 510–519. Tersedia di: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/higeia/article/view/23564/11797 [diakses pada 3 Oktober 2020]. 13. Bangun, Y. P. and Nawawinetu, E. D. (2015) ‘Risk Assessment pada Pekerja Maintenance di PT X’, The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 3(2), pp. 170–181. Tersedia di: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJOSH/article/view/3794/2566 [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 14. Barlas, B. and Izci, F. B. (2018) ‘Individual and Workplace Factors Related to Fatal Occupational Accidents among Shipyard Workers in Turkey’, Safety Science, 101(10), pp. 173–179. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925753517315850 [diakses pada 6 Oktober 2020]. 15. Bird, F. E., Germain, G. E. and Clark, M. D. (2003) Practical Loss Control Leadership. Third Edit. USA: Det Norske Veritas. 16. Bole, G. A. (2019) ‘Studi Kasus Pelaksanaan K3 (Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja) Konstruksi Jembatan di Sumba’, E-jurnal Spirit Pro Patria2, V(1), pp. 30–40. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.narotama.ac.id/index.php/patria/article/view/906/575 [diakses pada 6 Oktober 2020]. 17. Boyle, T. (2018) Health and Safety : Risk Management. Fourth Edi. New York: Routledge. 18. Budiyanto, M. A. and Fernanda, H. (2020) ‘Risk Assessment of Work Accident in Container Terminals Using the Fault Tree Analysis Method’, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(6), pp. 1–19. Tersedia di: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/6/466/pdf [diakses pada 3 November 2020]. 19. Casban (2018) ‘Analisis Penyebab Kecelakaan Kerja pada Proses Washing Container di Divisi Cleaning Dengan Metode Fishbone Diagram dan SCAT’,JISI :Jurnal Integrasi Sistem Industri, 5(2), pp. 111–121.Tersediadi: https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/jisi/article/view/3282/2530 [diakses pada 3 November 2020]. 20. Cemex (2017) Cement Safety Data Sheet. Tersedia di: https://www.cemex.com/documents/46130122/46368417/datos-seguridad- cemento-ingles.pdf/e1d2a3a0-cbc4-c6e9-db25-41e528209dda[diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 21. Chani, F. Y. and Kurniawan, B. (2018) ‘Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome : Ancaman Bagi Pekerja Sektor Industri’, J Agromedicine, 5(1), pp. 483–488. Tersedia di: https://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/agro/article/view/1988 [diakses pada 9 Januari 2021]. 22. Chen, J., Qiu, J. and Ahn, C. (2017) ‘Construction Worker’s Awkward Posture Recognition Through Supervised Motion Tensor Decomposition’, Automation in Construction, 77(1), pp. 67–81. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926580517300651 [diakses pada 8 Januari 2021]. 23. Christian, R. S. (2018) ‘Penerapan Evaluasi Ringkas, Rapi, Resik, Rawat, Rajin PT. Inka (Persero) Madiun’, The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 7(1), p. 11. Tersedia di: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJOSH/article/view/4369 [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 24. Chu, X. N. and Thi, H. D. (2018) ‘Determination of the Hazard Area of Crane and Hurdle-using Method for Accident Prevention’, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(9), pp. 6717–6722. Tersedia di: https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n9_29.pdf [diakses pada 8 November 2020]. 25. Crawley, F. (2020) A Guide to Hazard Identification Methods. United Kingdom: Elsevier. 26. Crawley, F. and Tyler, B. (2015) HAZOP : Guide to Best Practice. Third Edition. Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd. 27. Devi, M. R., Ismail, A. and Walujodjati, E. (2018) ‘Identifikasi Faktor Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Menuju Zero Accident pada Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Tol Cisumdawu Phase II’, Jurnal Konstruksi Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut, 16(2), pp. 1–8. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.sttgarut.ac.id/index.php/konstruksi/article/download/586/546 [diakses pada 10 Oktober 2020]. 28. Djatmiko, R. D. (2016) Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja. Yogyakarta: CV Budi Utama. 29. Ericson, C. A. (2016) Hazard Analysis Techniques for System Safety. Second Edition. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 30. Eryani, Y. M., Wibowo, C. A. and Saftarina, F. (2017) ‘Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Gangguan Pendengaran Akibat Bising’, Medula, 7(4), pp. 112–117. Tersedia di: https://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/medula/article/view/1699 [diakses pada 17 November 2020]. 31. Fang, Y., Cho, Y. K. and Chen, and J. (2016) ‘A Framework for Real-time Pro- active Safety Assistance for Mobile Crane Lifting Operations’, Automation in Construction, 72(1), pp. 367–379. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926580516301807 [diakses pada 17 November 2020]. 32. Flaus, J.-M. (2013) Risk Analysis : Socio - technical Industrial System. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 33. Fuad, Hamidi, Abidin, Rashid and Razak. (2018) ‘Risk Assessment of Dropped Objects on Topside Facilities and Subsea Pipelines’, International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.26), pp. 42–45. Tersedia di: https://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijet/article/view/18166 [diakses pada 17 November 2020]. 34. Gahayu, S. A. (2015) Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan Masyarakat. Sleman: CV Budi Utama. 35. Gideon, A. (2018) ‘Bertambah Lagi, Ini Deretan Kecelakaan Infrastruktur dalam 6 Bulan’, Liputan 6. Tersedia di: https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/3303878/bertambah-lagi-ini-deretan- kecelakaan-infrastruktur-dalam-6-bulan [diakses pada 5 Juli 2020]. 36. Ghuzdewan, T. and Damanik, P. (2019) ‘Analysis of Accident in Indonesian Construction Projects’, MATEC Web of Conferences, 258(2019), pp. 1–6. Tersedia di: https://www.matecconferences.org/articles/matecconf/abs/2019/07/matecco nf_scescm2019_02021/matecconf_scescm2019_02021.html [diakses pada 9 Oktober 2020]. 37. Gullo, L. J. and Dixon, J. (2018) Design forSafety. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 38. Habybabady, Sis, Paridokht, Ramrudinasab, Behmadi, Khosravi and Mohammadi. (2018) ‘Effects of Dust Exposure on the Respiratory Health Symptoms and Pulmonary Functions of Street Sweepers’, Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(6), pp. 76–84. Tersedia di: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30914881/ [diakses pada 16 November 2020]. 39. Hamid, M. K. and Abubakar, S. (2016) ‘Sistem Pentanahan Pada Transformator Distribusi 20 kV di PT . PLN (Persero) Area Lhokseumawe Rayon Lhoksukon’, Journal of Electrical Technology, 1(2), pp. 13–16.Tersedia di: https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/jet/article/view/197 [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 40. Health and Safety Executive (2006) Health and Safety in Construction. Third Edition. London. 41. Hermansyah (2019) ‘Evaluasi Kehandalan Sistem Grounding pada Instalasi Listrik Rumah Tinggal di Kabupaten Bantaeng’, Jurnal Ilmiah d’Computare, 9(7), pp. 35–39. Tersedia di: https://journal.uncp.ac.id/index.php/computare/article/view/1471 [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 42. Hewitt,Dong, McDowell, and Welcome. (2016) ‘The Efficicacy of Anti-Vibration Gloves’, Acoustics Australia Journal, 44(1), pp.121–127.Tersedia di: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5003016 [diakses pada 8 Januari 2021]. 43. Hoła, Hola, Sawick, and Szótak. (2017) ‘Identification of the Causes of Occupational Accidents Involving Scaffolding Using Lower Silesia as an Example’, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 245(7), pp. 1–7. Tersedia di: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/245/7/072015 [diakses pada 16 Oktober 2020]. 44. Indrayani, R. (2017) ‘Analisis Risiko Keselamatan Kerja Pada Proyek Pengembangan Bandara Internasional Juanda Terminal 2 Surabaya’, Jurnal IKESMA, 13(2), pp. 77–93. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/IKESMA/article/view/7029/5084 [diakses pada 9 Oktober 2020]. 45. International Labour Organizational (2013) Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Sarana untuk Produktivitas. Jakarta: International Labour Office. 46. Irzal (2016) Dasar-Dasar Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja. Jakarta: Kencana. 47. ISO 31000 : 2018 Risk Management - Guidelines. Switzerland. 48. ISO 45001 : 2018 Occupational Health and Safety Management System. 49. Karimah, K. (2017) ‘Pengaruh Sikap Kerja dan Peran Pengawas Terhadap Perilaku Keselamatan’, Psikoborneo, 5(2), pp. 165–172. Tersedia di: http://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/psikoneo/article/view/4357 [diakses pada 8 Januari 2021]. 50. Kartikaningsih, D. and Pulungan, R. M. (2019) ‘Hubungan Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Pernapasan dengan Gangguan Pernapasan pada Pekerja Konstruksi di Proyek Apartemen Kota Bekasi’, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(3), pp. 219–225. Tersedia di : https://jikm.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/home/article/view/1/33 [diakses pada 8 Januari 2021]. 51. Kim, J. S. and Kim, B. S. (2018) ‘Analysis of Fire-Accident Factors Using Big- Data Analysis Method for Construction Areas’, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(5), pp. 1535–1543. Tersedia di: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319128803_Analysis_of_fire- accident_factors_using_big-data_analysis_method_for_construction_areas [diakses pada 8 Januari 2021]. 52. Kotus, Drlička, Mikuš, and Žarnovský. (2019) ‘Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment in Metal Cutting Process’, Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering, 2(1), pp. 382–391. Tersedia di: https://content.sciendo.com/downloadpdf/journals/mape/2/1/article- p382.xml [diakses pada 16 November 2020]. 53. Kurniawan, A. F., Ma’rufi, I. and Sujoso, A. D. P. (2017) ‘Gejala Fotokeratitis Akut Akibat Radiasi Sinar Ultraviolet (UV) pada Pekerja Las di PT. PAL Indonesia Surabaya’, Jurnal Ikesma, 13(1), pp. 22–31. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/IKESMA/article/view/7021[diakses pada 12 November 2020]. 54. Lee, J., Phillips, I. and Lynch, Z. (2020) ‘Causes and Prevention of Mobile Crane- related Accidents in South Korea’, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomic, 1(1), pp. 1–30. Tersedia di: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10803548.2020.1775384 [diakses pada 7 November 2020]. 55. Lestari, R. A. and Oginawati, K. (2016) ‘Analisis Potensi Ledakan dan Kebakaran Primary Reformer sebagai Unit Proses Produksi Amonia di PT. X’, Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan, 11(2), pp. 72–81. Tersedia di: http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/RKL/article/view/5049[diakses pada 6 November 2020]. 56. Li, Y., Ning, Y. and Chen, W. T. (2018) ‘Critical Success Factors for Safety Management of High-Rise Building Construction Projects in China’, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2018(1), pp. 1–15. Tersedia di: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ace/2018/1516354/ [diakses pada 15 November 2020]. 57. Mann, R. and Betcher, T. (2017) 3M Protecting Workers from Falls and Falling Objects. United States of America. 58. Marbun, R. J., Puspitasari, N. B. and Budiawan, W. (2016) ‘Identifikasi dan Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Area Produksi PT. Pelita Cengkareng Paper’, Industrial Engineering Online Journal, 4(4), pp. 1–8. Tersedia di: https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/ieoj/article/view/9855[diakses pada 8 Januari 2021]. 59. Martiwi, R., Koesyanto, H. and Pawenang, E. T. (2017) ‘Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pembangunan Gedung’, HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 1(4), pp. 61–71. Tersedia di: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/higeia/article/view/15357 [diakses pada 20 November 2020]. 60. Mesaros, P., Spisakova, M. and Mackova, D. (2019) ‘Analysis of Safety Risks on the Construction Site’, IOP Conferene Series : Earth and Environmental Science, 1(1), pp. 1–11. Tersedia di: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/222/1/012012 [diakses pada 17 November 2020]. 61. Mgonja, C. T. (2017) ‘The Effects of Arc Welding Hazards to Welders and People Surrounding the Welding Area’, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology,8(3), pp. 433–441. Tersedia di: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Mgonja/publication/3169 95357_The_effects_of_arc_welding_hazards_to_welders_and_people_surrounding_the_welding_area/links/5b35c4154585150d23e09487/The-effects- of-arc-welding-hazards-to-welders-and-people-surrounding-the-welding- area.pdf [diakses pada 3 Desember 2020]. 62. Mohammadfam, Kamalinia, Momeni, Golmohammadi, Hamidi and Soltanian. (2017) ‘Evaluation of the Quality of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Based on Key Performance Indicators in Certified Organizations’, Safety and Health at Work, 8(2), pp. 156–161. Tersedia di: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5447402/ [diakses pada 2 Desember 2020]. 63. Nadhim, Hon, Xia, Stewart and Fang. (2016) ‘Falls from Height in the Construction Industry: A Critical Review of the Scientific Literature’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(7), p. 638. Tersedia di: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4962179/ [diakses pada 6 November 2020]. 64. Noor, R., Harianto, F. and Susanti, E. (2018) ‘Karakteristik Kecelakaan Kerja pada Pelaksanaan Proyek Konstruksi di Surabaya’, Jurnal ITATS, Proceeding(1), pp. 1–10. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.itats.ac.id/karakteristik-kecelakaan-kerja-pada-pelaksanaan- proyek-konstruksi-di-surabaya/ [diakses pada 13 Juli 2020]. 65. Notoatmodjo (2010) Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta. 66. Novita, L. and Nawawinetu, E. D. (2018) ‘Risk Assessment Pengoperasian Overhead Crane (OHC) Double Girder Di Divisi Kapal Niaga di PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero)’, Journal of Vocational Health Studies, 01(1), pp. 1–7. Tersedia di: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JVHS/article/view/10352/5712 [diakses pada 17 Oktober 2020]. 67. Nurdiansyah, A. (2018) Analisis Risiko dan Pengendalian K3 pada Area Warehouse PT. X Tahun 2018. Skripsi. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Binawan. Tersedia di : http://repository.binawan.ac.id/760/1/K3%20-%20ADI%20NURDIANSYAH%20-%202018%20repo.pdf [diakses pada 17 Oktober 2020]. 68. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2003) OSHA Fact Sheet Controlling Hazardous Fume and Gases during Welding. United States of America. United States Department of Labor Tersedia di: https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA_FS- 647_Welding.pdf [diakses pada 16 September 2020]. 69. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2011) OSHA 1915.113 - Shackles and Hooks. United States of America: United States Department of Labor. Tersedia di: https://www.osha.gov/laws- regs/regulations/standardnumber/1915/1915.113 [diakses pada 18 Februari 2021]. 70. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2013) OSHA 1910.180 Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes. United States of America: United States Department of Labor. Tersedia di: https://www.osha.gov/laws- regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.180 [diakses pada 18 Februari 2021]. 71. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2019a) Commonly Used Statistics. United States of America: United States Department of Labor. Tersedia di : https://www.osha.gov/data/commonstats [diakses pada 16 Oktober 2020] 72. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2019b) OSHA 1910.184. United States of America: United States Department of Labor. Tersedia di: https://www.osha.gov/lawsregs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.184 [diakses pada 18 Februari 2021]. 73. Pieńko, Robak, Blazik-Borowa, and Szer. (2018) ‘Analysis of The Safety Conditions of Scaffolding on Construction Sites’, International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 12(2), pp. 160–164. Tersedia di: https://publications.waset.org/10008521/safety-conditions-analysis-of- scaffolding-on-construction-sites [diakses pada 16 November 2020]. 74. Pitasaro, G. P., Wahyuning, C. S. and Desrianty, A. (2014) ‘Analisis Kecelakaan Kerja untuk Meminimisasi Potensi Bahaya Menggunakan Metode Hazard and Operability dan Fault Tree Analysis (Studi Kasus di PT X)’, Jurnal Online Teknik Industri Itenas, 02(02), pp. 167–179. Tersedia di: https://ejurnal.itenas.ac.id/index.php/rekaintegra/article/view/419 [diakses pada 15 Oktober 2020]. 75. Prabowo, D. (2018) ‘Waskita Catat Rekor Tujuh Kecelakaan Kerja dalam Tujuh Bulan’, Kompas. Tersedia di : https://pemilu.kompas.com/read/2018/02/21/100000621/waskita-catat- rekor-tujuh-kecelakaan-kerja-dalam-tujuh-bulan [diakses pada 5 Juli 2020]. 76. Prasetyo, E. H., Suroto and Kurniawan, B. (2018) ‘Analisis HIRA (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) pada Instansi X di Semarang’, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 6(5), pp. 519–528. Tersedia di: https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/22089 [diakses pada 16 November 2020]. 77. Puspitasari, H. D. R., Prabandari, Y. S. and Budiharjo, S. (2018) ‘Hubungan antara Komitmen Manajemen, Perilaku K3 dan Shift Kerja dengan Kejadian Kecelakaan Kerja pada Pekerja di RSUD Kanjuruhan Kepanjen Kabupaten Malang’, Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Jurnal, 98(1), p. 1. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/bkm/article/view/35750 [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 78. Rahmandani, Fitri, Amalina, and Iswanto. (2020) ‘Risk Factors on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among Furniture Makers at Home Industries in Duren Sawit, 2020’, Health Safety Environment Journal, 1(1), pp. 1–7. Tersedia di: https://ejournal.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/HSE/article/view/2000 [diakses pada 18 November 2020]. 79. Ramachandran, Raghuram, Krishnan and Bhaumik. (2005) Failure Analysis of Engineering Structures : Methodology and Case Histories. United States of America: ASM International. 80. Ramadhani, S., Silaban, G. and Hasan, W. (2017) ‘Pemakaian APT dengan Gangguan Pendengaran Pekerja Ground Handling di Bandara Kualanamu’, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas, 12(1), pp. 3–9. Tersedia di: http://jurnal.fkm.unand.ac.id/index.php/jkma/article/download/229/227 [diakses pada 7 Januari 2021]. 81. Ramdan, I. M. and Handoko, H. N. (2016) ‘Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pekerja Konstruksi Informal Di Kelurahan “X” Kota Samarinda’, Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 12(1), pp. 1–6. Tersedia di: https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/546 [diakses pada 20 November 2020]. 82. Ramli, S. (2010) Pedoman Praktis Manajemen Risiko dalam Perspektif K3 OHS Risk Management. Jakarta: Dian Rakyat. 83. Rausand, M. and Haugen, S. (2020) Risk Assessment :Theory,Methods,and Applications. Second Edition.United States of America: John Wiley&Sons. 84. Riccelli, Goldoni, Poli, Mozzoni, Cavallo, and Corradi. (2020) ‘Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), pp. 1–32. Tersedia di: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177922/ [diakses pada 16 November 2020]. 85. Sangaji, J., Jayanti, S. and Lestantyo, D. (2018) ‘Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Tidak Aman Pekerja Bagian Lambung Galangan Kapal PT X’, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 6(5), pp. 563–571. Tersedia di: https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/22095 [diakses pada 16 November 2020]. 86. Saputra, R., Arifia, B. M. E. and Tohir, M. (2018) ‘Analisa Faktor Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (k3) yang Mempengaruhi Kecelakaan Kerja pada Pekerjaan Pembangunan SMPN 038 Samarinda’, Jurnal Keilmuan dan Aplikasi Teknik Sipil, 1(1), pp. 1–13. Tersedia di: http://ejurnal.untag-smd.ac.id/index.php/TEK/article/view/3957 [diakses pada 9 Oktober 2020]. 87. Sari, A. I. P. and Mulyono (2020) ‘Grinder Risk Assessment in Fabrication Unit’, The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 15(2), pp. 212–223. Tersedia di: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJPH/article/view/11854/0 [diakses pada 5 November 2020]. 88. Setiawan, A. (2019) ‘Klasifikasi Alat Pemadam Kebakaran Ringan (APAR) sebagai Proteksi Awal Kebakaran pada Ruangan Perguruan Tinggi Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes’, Jurnal SIMETRIS, 10(2), pp. 513–518. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.umk.ac.id/index.php/simet/article/view/3149 [diakses pada 8 November 2020]. 89. Shazwan, Quintin, Osman, Suhaida, and Ma'arof. (2017) ‘The Importance of Cleanliness in a Proper Construction Site Management in Malaysia: A Contractor’s Perspective’, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 271(1), pp. 1–7. Tersedia di: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/271/1/012048 [diakses pada 6 Januari 2021]. 90. Siahaan, H. (2007) Manajemen Risiko - Konsep, Kasus, dan Implementasi. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. 91. Siahaan, H. (2013) Manajemen Risiko pada Perusahaan dan Birokrasi. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. 92. Singh, J., Singh, H. and Singh, B. (2020) Prioritization of Failure Modes in Manufacturing Processes : A Fuzzy Logic- based Approach. United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Limited. 93. Siswanto (2009) Risk Management. Surabaya: Balai Hiperkes dan Keselamatan Kerja Jawa Timur. 94. Stamatis, D . (2019) Risk Management Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Milwaukee: ASQ Quality Press. 95. Subamia, I. D. P., Wahyuni, I. G. A. N. S. and Widiasih, N. N. (2019) ‘Pelatihan Penanganan Risiko Bahan Berbahaya di Laboratorium Kimia bagi Laboran’, Prosiding SENADIMAS, 1(1), pp. 692–705. Tersedia di: https://eproceeding.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/senadimas/article/download/1 808/1215 [diakses pada 6 Januari 2021]. 96. Sumarna, U., Sumarni, N. and Rosidin, U. (2018) Bahaya Kerja serta Faktor- Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. Sleman: CV Budi Utama. 97. Suroso, H. C. and Yanuar, K. E. (2019) ‘Analisa Potensi Bahaya pada Perusahaan Fabrikasi Baja menggunakan Metode HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study)’, Journal of Advance Information and Industrial Technology (JAIIT), 2(1), pp. 13–21. Tersedia di: https://journal.ittelkom-sby.ac.id/jaiit/article/view/16 [diakses pada 11 November 2020]. 98. Susilo, L. J. and Kaho, V. R. (2018) Manajemen Risiko Berbasis ISO 31000:2018 Panduan untuk Risk Leaders dan Risk Practitioners. Jakarta: PT Grasindo. 99. Tarwaka (2012) Dasar-dasar Keselamatan Kerja Serta Pencegahan Kecelakaan di Tempat Kerja. Surakarta: Harapan Press. 100. Tarwaka (2014) Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja : Manajemen dan Implementasi K3 di Tempat Kerja. Surakarta: Harapan Press. 101. Thursina, R. A. (2018) ‘Identifikasi Bahaya dan Penilaian Risiko Operator Mesin Gerinda’, The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 7(1), pp. 30–41. Tersedia di: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJOSH/article/view/4728 [diakses pada 6 Oktober 2020]. 102. Tualeka, A. R. (2015) Analisis Risiko (Risk Assessment, Risk Management, dan Risk Communication di Lingkungan Kerja). Surabaya: Graha Ilmu Mulia. 103. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2018) Fatal Occupational Injuries by Industry and Event or Exposure in United States at 2018. United States of America. Tersedia di: https://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/cftb0322.htm [diakses pada 6 November 2020]. 104. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2019) Fatal Occupational Injuries Involving Cranes. United States of America. Tersedia di: https://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/cranes-2017.htm [diakses pada 6 November 2020]. 105. U.S Department Labor (1990) The Job Safety Analysis Process: A Practical Approach : Participants Guide. United States of America. Tersedia di: https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Job_Safety_Analysis_Process.h tml?id=z3CDgkXlteUC [diakses pada 6 Oktober 2020]. 106. University of Adelaide (2019) Risk Management - Legal and Risk Handbook. Adelaide. Australia. Tersedia di : https://www.adelaide.edu.au/legalandrisk/system/files/media/documents/20 19-04/Risk Management Handbook - April 2019.pdf [diakses pada 6 Januari 2021]. 107. Vallabhaneni, S. R. (2020) Wiley CIA Exam Review 2020 Part 2 : Practice of Internal Auditing. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 108. Vinnem, J. E. (2007) Offshore Risk Assessment : Principles, Modelling, and Application of QRA Studies. Netherlands: Springer-Verlag London. 109. Winnaputri, N., Denny, H. M. and Ekawati (2017) ‘Studi Persepsi dan Niat Pekerja Lapangan dalam Melaporkan Kejadian Berbahaya dan Kecelakaan di Terminal Petikemas Semarang’, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e- Journal),5(5),pp.281–289.Tersedia di: http://eprints.undip.ac.id/ 60272/1/6244.pdf [diakses pada 8 Januari 2021]. 110. Xing, Ye, Zuo, and Jiang. (2018) ‘Control Dust Pollution on Construction Sites: What Governments do in China’, Sustainability Journal, 10(8), pp. 1–17. Tersedia di: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327132148_Control_Dust_Polluti on_on_Construction_Sites_What_Governments_Do_in_China [diakses pada 6 Januari 2021]. 111. Yu, G. Y. . (2017) ‘Forensic Investigation on Crane Accidents’, International Journal of Forensic Engineering, 3(4), pp. 319–341. Tersedia di: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320760499_Forensic_investigatio n_on_crane_accidents [diakses pada 8 November 2020]. 112. Yuda, N. A. P. (2018) ‘Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Fotokeratitis pada Pekerja Pengelasan’, Medula, 8(1), pp. 117–121. Tersedia di: https://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/medula/article/view/2136 [diakses pada 8 November 2020]. 113. Yuniawati, Dulsalam, Idris, Suhartana, and Sukadaryati. (2015) ‘Alat Bantu Truk Angkutan Kayu untuk Mengurangi Selip Roda pada Jalan Hutan tanpa Perkerasan’, Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 33(4), pp. 387–395. Tersedia di:https://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal- litbang/index.php/JPHH/article/view/938 [diakses pada 7 Desember 2020]. 114. Yuniawati (2015) ‘Pengurangan Selip pada Jalan Tanah Angkutan Kayu Acacia Mangium’, Jurnal Mechanical, 6(1), pp. 36–42. Tersedia di: http://journal.eng.unila.ac.id/index.php/mech/article/view/273[diakses pada 7 Desember 2020]. 115. Zainal, Pawennari, A. and Dahlan, M. (2016) ‘Pengaruh Kedisiplinan dan Kelalaian Kerja terhadap Kecelakaan Kerja di PT Sermani Steel’, Journal of Industrial Engineering Management, 1(1), pp. 12–17. Tersedia di: https://jurnal.teknologiindustriumi.ac.id/index.php/JIEM/article/view/61 [diakses pada 6 Januari 2021]. 116. Zemaitis, Foris, Lopez and Huecker. (2020) Electrical Injuries. Florida: StatPearls Publishing, LLC. 117. Zlatar, Lago, Soares, Baptista, and Junior. (2019) ‘Falls from Height: Analysis of 114 Cases’, Production, 29(1), pp. 1–24. Tersedia di: https://www.prod.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/0103-6513.20180091 [diakses pada 16 November 2020].