THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DE-RADICALIZATION TO COUNTER TERRORISM IN SAUDI ARABIA AND INDONESIA

• Main Authors: , CHATARINA TRIHASTUTI, , Drs. Samsu Rizal Panggabean, M.Sc.
• Format: Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed
• Published: [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 2013
• Subjects: ETD
• Online Access: https://repository.ugm.ac.id/123177/; http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=63288
• Institution: Universitas Gadjah Mada

The purpose of this research is to discuss the implementation of deradicalization in Saudi Arabia and Indonesia to counter terrorism. Saudi Arabia and Indonesia have the problem of terrorism due to the hatred of western countries and it leads to the hatred of government considered as western accomplice. This condition is worsened by misinterpretation of religion in which there is a justification for the using of violence against those who are considered different from their understanding. At first, both countries rely on hard approach to counter terrorism. However, this strategy is not enough, soft approach is also needed. De-radicalization is chosen because terrorists are made not born as they are. It indicates that their violent ideology is also made. Therefore, there is still a change to make them going back and accepted back to the society. This research has three research questions to answer. First is why deradicalization, and not disengagement, is chosen to counter terrorism. Second is on how Saudi Arabia and Indonesia implement de-radicalization. Third is why the implementation of de-radicalization in Saudi Arabia and Indonesia is different. In order to answer those three research questions, the methods used are a depth interview toward one of BNPT staff and data collecting from many literatures both printed and on line, and then conducting data analysis. After conducting those steps, the findings of this research are gained. First, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia choose de-radicalization instead of disengagement because de-radicalization is pertaining to the root cause of terror- ideology. Deradicalization is pointing at substantive changes in terrorists� ideology and attitudes while disengagement is only pointing at behavioral changes, as long as terrorists leave a group or changing one�s role within it. De-radicalization intends to make physical and psychological changing, while disengagement only physical changing. Second, de-radicalization implementation- which is under the Ministry of Interior in Saudi Arabia and under the National Antiterrorism Agency (BNPT) in Indonesia- has some similarities and differences. Both conduct three things in order to prevent, rehabilitate, and facilitate the transition back to the society. The differences lie in the routine done. BNPT cannot implement de-radicalization in the prisons routinely because of its lack of resources both human and material. Beside those internal factors, there are also external factors like the area of both countries which are much different and people perception towards deradicalization program. In other words, techniques and tactics used in Saudi Arabia could not always be used in Indonesia because both are different.