CHITOSAN AND ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES USING FUNGI ISOLATED FROM INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL TEMPE STARTER

• Main Authors: , Rachma Wikandari, , Dr. Ria Millati, ST., MT.
• Format: Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed
• Published: [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 2011
• Subjects: ETD
• Online Access: https://repository.ugm.ac.id/90259/; http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=52427
• Institution: Universitas Gadjah Mada

In searching for simultaneous chitosan and ethanol producing microorganisms, mixed cultures of fungi for making tempe (a fermented soy bean food originally from Indonesia) or tempe starter was examined. The fungi were isolated from two different mixed cultures of fungi grown in Hibiscus and Tectona gandis leaves called as Usar and Laru. Thirty two isolates were obtained and they were tentarively identified belong to genus Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Absidia. Each fungus was cultivated on glucose as the carbon source. Chitosan was successfully extracted from the cell wall of all isolates with the yield ranging between 0.44 to 0.79 g/g of alkali insoluble material (AIM). The degree of deacetylation of all extracted chitosans varied greatly from 0.96 to 61.3%. All isolates produced ethanol as the major metabolites with the maximum yield varied between 0.26 and 0.41g ethanol/g glucose. Glycerol was the next major metabolites, followed by lactic acid. Cultivation on agar plates containing xylose, cellobiose, and cellulose showed that the highest growth rate was observed on xylose followed by cellobiose and cellulose. Two isolates which were identified as Rhizomucor were used for further investigation by cultivation on liquid medium containing glucose, xylose and mixed sugar. The results showed that sugar sources affect the yields of chitosan and ethanol as well as the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan produced. Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy analysis results showed that all chitosan extracted from the Isolates grown on different sugar sources have similar spectrum with a commercial chitosan.