Biodiesel production from sludge palm oil by ultrasonic energy

• Main Authors: Hayyan, Adeeb, Alam, Md. Zahangir, Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed, Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed, Mohd. Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida, Mohd. Siran, Yosri, Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin, Al-Saadi, Mohammed A.
• Format: Conference or Workshop Item
• Language: English
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: TP Chemical technology; TP248.13 Biotechnology
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/5539/1/Adeeb_to_MicoTribe.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/5539/; http://publicweb.unimap.edu.my/~MICOTriBE2009/
• Institution: Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia

The main challenges for biodiesel production are the cost of raw material (fats and oils) and the cost of processing. In this study free fatty acid (FFAs) of sludge palm oil has been converted to fatty acid methyl ester via acid-catalyzed reaction using ultrasonic energy. Batch esterification proces...