Optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction condition for flavonoid compounds from cocoa shells (Theobroma cacao) using response surface methodology

• Main Authors: Md Yusof, Arief Huzaimi, Abd Gani, Siti Salwa, Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah, Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi, Zainudin, Badrul Hisyam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2019
• Online Access: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81560/1/Optimization%20of%20an%20ultrasound-assisted%20extraction%20condition%20for%20flavonoid%20compounds%20from%20cocoa%20shells%20%28Theobroma%20cacao%29%20using%20response%20surface%20methodology.pdf; http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81560/; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30781448/
• Institution: Universiti Putra Malaysia

This study investigates the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Malaysian cocoa shell extracts, and optimization using response surface methodology. There are three variables involved in this study, namely: ethanol concentration (70⁻90 v/v %), temperature (45⁻65 °C), and ultrasound irradiation time (30⁻60 min). All of the data were collected and analyzed for variance (ANOVA). The coefficient of determination (R²) and the model was significant in interaction between all variables (98% and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the lack of fit test for the model was not of significance, with p > 0.0684. The ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time that yielded the maximum value of the total flavonoid content (TFC; 7.47 mg RE/g dried weight (DW)) was 80%, 55 °C, and 45 min, respectively. The optimum value from the validation of the experimental TFC was 7.23 ± 0.15 mg of rutin, equivalent per gram of extract with ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time values of 74.20%, 49.99 °C, and 42.82 min, respectively. While the modelled equation fits the data, the T-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the response surface methodology models.