Esterification of Levulinic Acid Using ZrO2-Supported Phosphotungstic Acid Catalyst for Ethyl Levulinate Production

• Main Authors: Ramli, N. A. S., Sivasubramaniam, D., Amin, N. A. S.
• Format: Article
• Published: Springer New York LLC 2017
• Subjects: TP Chemical technology
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/75426/; https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028556834&doi=10.1007%2fs12155-017-9872-1&partnerID=40&md5=f5d165091fe6d1ded6a0cd665c9ef204
• Institution: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Ethyl levulinate (EL) is a versatile bio-based chemical with various applications such as fragrance and flavoring agents and also fuel blending component. EL can be produced through catalytic esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with ethanol. Herein, a series of zirconia (ZrO2)-supported phosphotun...