Esterification of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate using liquefied oil palm frond-based carbon cryogel catalyst

• Main Authors: Mohammad Zainol, Muzakkir, Saidina Amin, Nor Aishah, Mohd. Asmadi, Mohd. Asmadi, Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah
• Format: Article
• Published: Springer New York LLC 2019
• Subjects: TP Chemical technology
• Online Access: http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/89121/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-019-09977-6
• Institution: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Oil palm biomass, which is abundantly available in Malaysia, has many types of applications in various industries. In this study, oil palm frond (OPF) was liquefied with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM][HSO4]) ionic liquid (IL) at optimum conditions. The liquefied OPF-ionic liquid...