Fragile X- associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Case Report

• Main Authors: Tan, Maria Melinda, Dy, Jeanne Barbara, Salcedo-Arellano, Maria Jimena, Tassone, Flora, Hagerman, Randi J
• Format: text
• Published: Archīum Ateneo 2019
• Subjects: Fragile X Syndrome; Targeted Treatment; Sertraline; Metformin; Cannabidiol; Acomprosate; Lovastatin; Minocycline; Genetics and Genomics; Medicine and Health Sciences
• Online Access: https://archium.ateneo.edu/asmph-pubs/36; https://archium.ateneo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=asmph-pubs
• Institution: Ateneo De Manila University

Mutations in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene create a spectrum of developmental disorders in children in addition to neurodegenerative problems in older populations. Two types of mutations are recognized in the FMR1 gene. The full mutation (>200 CGG repeats) in the FMR1 gene leads to Fragile X Syndrome which is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism, while the premutation (55 to 200 CGG repeats) identified among carriers leads to a range of problems linked to elevated levels of the FMR1 mRNA leading to mRNA toxicity and occasionally mildly deficient FMRP levels. Two disorders among premutation carriers have been recognized namely: the Fragile X-associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI) and Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). Recently, in order to recognize a group of associated disorders commonly found in premutation carriers and extensively reported in co-morbidities studies, a new distinctive name was proposed: Fragile X-associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND). This paper will present a case report of a female premutation carrier who has encountered predominantly psychiatric problems, but also chronic pain and sleep disturbances consistent with FXAND.