中国移民的负面形象 ：移民过程真实性与国家政治需求的探析 = Negative perceptions of the Chinese immigrants : an analysis of the process of immigration and the political needs of the country

• Main Author: 郭美辰 Quek, Genevieve Mei Chen
• Other Authors: Ong Soon Keong
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2021
• Subjects: Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146917
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

中国移民过番下南洋的过程广为人知，但人们对于过番旅程的认知却存有不准确的印象。从文学作品，影视制作到歌曲的传唱无不在叙说着过番的艰辛。除了把旅程形容得如同“浮动地狱”外，也把一些移民形容成被美梦欺骗或拐骗的受害者。这些媒介所展现的移民形象只占据少数。 新加坡国家档案局记录了口述历史“新加坡先驱人物” （Pioneers of Singapore）展现了不一样的移民形象。移民旅程舒适愉快，不仅吃得上荤食还喝得上淡水，住宿与卫生条件也不差，甚至还能在船上小赌以消磨时间。毫无疑问，媒介所传达的负面形象已经掩盖了移民过程的另一种声音。 这种现象的出现与国家政治需求息息相关。新加坡在建国时期不仅需要建立国家认同还需要面对风云莫测的国际局势，因此特别强调逆境中求生存的毅力和精神。而中国在晚清至民国时期需要海外华人的援助，政府通过强调移民的负面形象来强化移民想要回国的意愿，使他们愿意为了让中国变得强大而积极捐款。 The process of Chinese immigration to Nanyang is well known to many, however, the perception of the journey is often inaccurate. Many literary works, films, television production, and songs describe the journey as a “floating hell”, portraying some immigrants as victims of abduction and “fake dreams”, however, these media only represent a minority of immigrants. On the other hand, “Pioneers of Singapore”, an oral history recorded by the National Archives of Singapore, presented a different image of immigrants. They enjoyed a comfortable journey with decent accommodation and sanitation and had the luxury of gambling on the boat to pass time. Hence, there is no doubt that the negative image portrayed by the media has overshadowed another voice of the immigration process. The emergence of this phenomenon is closely related to the political needs of the countries. During the founding period, Singapore needs to build a national identity and face unpredictable international situation, so it places special emphasis on the perseverance and spirit of survival in adversity. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the government needed the wealth of the overseas Chinese. By emphasizing the negative image of the immigration process, the government aims to strengthen the willingness of immigrants to return to China and donate their earnings to make China stronger as a nation.