从《红礁画桨录》的“知识女性”形象看林纾女权观 = A study on Lin Shu's perspective of feminism : through the representation of the 'intellectual women' in his translation of "Beatrice"

• Main Author: 黄盈芳 Ng, Ying Fang
• Other Authors: Kwan Sze Pui Uganda
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Literature::Chinese
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/15026
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

1840 年的鸦片战争，让中国意识到自己国力的衰弱。尽管中国在此之后努力追赶西方的军事科技，大量买进西方军事配备，1894 年的甲午战争仍然证实了中国在“强国”上的失败。连连战败的经历为 1898 年的维新运动埋下伏笔，开始了中国对日本在政治、教育、经济、军事等社会制度上的学习，企图快速地达到西方的现代化成果。政治环境的影响，教育的改革，以及西方女权意识的流入，不仅让女子教育成为晚清关注的问题，也让晚清文人对妇女问题极为关注。林纾作为晚清的重要文人，也十分关注当时的妇女问题。在《红礁画桨录》序中，林纾便提出了“欲倡女权，必讲女学”的新观点。作为林纾第一篇论及“女权”的序文，这将会是反映林纾早期女权观点的重要材料。因此，本文将探讨《红礁画桨录》所展现的林纾女权观，并以小说中女主人翁毗娅特利斯（Beatrice Granger）这位“知识女性”为焦点，通过原文与译文的对照中，分析林纾所塑造的“知识女性”形象。最后，通过林纾对“知识女性”的再现，我们将勾勒出他对女权的看法与态度，并进一步对林纾女权观的论述给予更丰富的讨论。In 1840, the crashing defeat in the Opium War gave China a rude awakening to the military vulnerability of their nation. Since then, huge quantities of military supplies have been brought in from the West, as China aimed to attain the great military power that the West had. However, even with years of effort of upgrading their military arms, it was a fruitless attempt. The First Sino-Japanese war in 1894 had once again proven China’s failure in her attempt to empower herself. These consecutive defeats foreshadowed the Hundred Days’ Reform in 1898, where China started to take after Japan’s success on their route to modernisation. Deeming Japan as a model, China referred closely to the political, educational, economical and military systems of the Japanese, with the aims of attaining modernisation within the short time frame that Japan had in the Meiji Revolution. Under such political settings, reforms in education were carried out. Along with the introduction of feminism in China, education for women finally began. Since then, feminism became an important issue and point of discussion in Late Qing, garnering wide attention from intellectuals of that time. Amidst the heated discussion on women’s well-being and women rights, Lin Shu, an important figure in the Late Qing, was very much concerned about these issues as well. In the preface of one of his translated novels, Beatrice, originally in English by H. Rider Haggard, Lin Shu stressed that the education of women must come before feminism; only when women are educated, can feminism be promoted. This novel was named as “HongJiaoHuaJiangLu” when Lin Shu first translated it into Chinese in 1906. The preface of this book was the first where Lin Shu expressed his viewpoints on feminism, and has thus signified this piece of work to be an important source of study for Lin Shu’s perspective of feminism. Hence, using the translation of Beatrice as a case study; this paper would be analyzing the representations of the intellectual woman, namely the female protagonist Beatrice Granger, with reference to the original text. From these analyses, this paper hopes to deliver a close study on the alterations made by Lin Shu in his process of translation, and to provide new insights to the study of his perspective of feminism.